This study is dedicated to the role of Czech musicians in the shaping of the modern musical culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The discontinuity of development there is a consequence of the countrys complicated political history after centuries under Ottoman rule, its annexation by Austria-Hungary (1878) was a major turning point for all spheres of society. Bosnian-Herzegovinian musical culture was also shaped by the influence of West-European music and of musicians from Europe, among whom the Czechs were the most numerous. On the basis of extensive archival research and work with literature, the author provides a comprehensive overview of their amateur and professional activities, paying attention in particular to musicians in military orchestras, and she also investigates their work in the areas of pedagogy, composition, and folkloristics., Fatima Hadžić., Obsahuje seznam literatury, and Anglické resumé na s. 143.