Species-level problems in the Aphis (Bursaphis) complex are reconsidered based on the partial sequences of the mitochondrial cox1 gene together with morphological and ecological data. This indicates that the American species A. oenotherae is a complex of four species (A. oenotherae, A. holoenotherae, A. costalis and A. neomexicana) and the taxonomic status of the species couples A. varians - A. manitobensis and A. epilobii - A. grossulariae require further clarification. Aphis sp. (USA: California, Oregon) of Blackman & Eastop (2006, p. 415) deserves the status of a species provided there is information on its host association and life cycle. Partial cox1 sequences might be misleading when used as standard DNA barcodes of aphid species of the subgenus Bursaphis. and Rimantas Rakauskas, Jurga Turčinavičienė, Jekaterina Bašilova.