Apolipoproteins E and CI are the predominant components of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The genes are located in one gene cluster and both are polymorphic. Three allelic (ε2, ε3 and ε4) polymorphisms of the APOE gene influence plasma cholesterol levels. The distribution of these alleles differ between ethnic groups. PCR genotyping was used to determine the APOE and APOCI allele incidence in a representative group of 653 probands (302 men and 351 women) of Czech origin. The observed relative frequencies for the ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles were 7.1 %, 82.0 % and 10.9 %, respectively, and are similar to other middle European populations. APO ε4 carriers have the highest and APO ε2 carriers the lowest levels of plasma total cholesterol (p<0.0001) and LDL cholesterol (p<0.0001). The frequency of the insertion (I) allele (HpaI restriction site present) of the APOCI polymorphism was 18.5 %. APOCI I/I homozygotes have the highest level of triglycerides (p<0.003). An almost complete linkage disequilibrium of the insertion allele of APOCI with the APOE alleles ε2 and ε4 has been detected and suggests that the deletion in the APOCI gene probably follows the deriving of all three APOE alleles on the APO ε3 allele background., J. A. Hubáček, J. Piťha, V. Adámková, Z. Škodová, V. Lánská, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Dyslipidemia is the risk fact or of cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between the plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and total/cardiovascular mortality has not yet been analy zed in Slavs. The aim of our study was to analy ze the association between the fasting TG levels and all- cause/cardiovascular mortality. We have examined 3,143 males and 3,650 females, aged 58.3±7.1 years. 729 deaths (274 cardiovascular deaths) have been registered during up to 11.8 years of follow -up. Age -sex adjusted all -cause mortality was higher in individuals with TG values 3.01 -4.00 mmol /l (HR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.02- 1.83, P=0.035) and over 4.00 mmol /l (HR 1.66, 95 % CI 1.21 -2.27, P=0.002) when compared with a reference group (TG 1.41 -1.80 mmol /l). Elevated risk remains significant when adjusted for education, marital status and unemployment. When further adjusted for smoking, BMI and dyslipidemia interventions, HR for those in above 4.00 mmol/l group decreas ed (1.42, P=0.04). The results have been similar when cardiovascular mortality has been examined, however, results reached statistical significance only for the TG over 4.0 mmol /l (P=0.028). Our results confirmed that enhanced plasma levels of plasma triglycerides are dose dependently associated with increased risk of all- cause mortality, however, it s eems that individuals with TG values 1.8 -3.0 mmol /l are not in higher risk of death., H. Pikhart, J. A. Hubáček, A. Peasey, R. Kubínová, M. Bobák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Předložená studie srovnává emocionalitu u souboru českých a slovenských vysokoškolských studentů: zaměřuje se na četnost prožívání vybraných emocí a na preferovaný způsob exprese těchto emocí. Primárním cílem šetření bylo ověřit stereotyp, zda jsou Slováci „emočnější“ než Češi a zjistit, zda stereotyp nevystihuje především odlišnou emoční expresivitu. Autoři předpokládali, že se soubory českých a slovenských vysokoškoláků nebudou lišit z hlediska četnosti prožívaných emocí, ale že se budou významně lišit z hlediska regulačních strategií, a to ve směru k otevřenějšímu projevu u slovenského souboru a k umírněnému projevu emocí u českého souboru. Čeští (N = 107) a slovenští (N = 144) vysokoškolští studenti zaznamenali do inventáře (seznam emocí získaný v předešlých šetřeních) emoční valenci, četnost emočního prožitku a preferovanou expresivní regulaci emoce. Získaná frekvenční data byla zpracována v podobě průměrných četností odpovědí pro jednotlivé položky. Pro porovnávání českého a slovenského souboru z hlediska četností prožívaných emocí autoři použili t-test pro dva nezávislé výběry a pro porovnání regulačních strategií chí-kvadrát test pro srovnání pozorovaných a očekávaných hodnot. Při korelaci jednotlivých emocí autoři použili neparametrický korelační koeficient Spearmanovo rho a emoce byly korelovány z hlediska četnosti jejich prožitku. Výsledky ukázaly, že emoční valence a konotace jsou u obou souborů podobné. Konotace se významněji liší u emoce hrdosti, která v českém souboru koreluje silněji s negativními emocemi než s pozitivními. Studenti ve slovenském souboru prožívají emoce mírně častěji než čeští respondenti., a2_Soubory se významně liší především z hlediska regulace emocí: slovenští respondenti projevují emoce signifikantně otevřeněji (projevím přesně to, co cítím) oproti českému souboru, který častěji uvádí mírně potlačený projev emocí (projevím méně, než cítím). Omezeními studie jsou skutečnosti, že soubory nebyly reprezentativní a že se na tvorbě původního seznamu srovnávaných emocí nepodíleli slovenští studenti., b1_Objectives. The primary objective of the study was to verify the stereotype that Slovaks are “more emotional” than Czechs. In the present paper authors compared the emotionality of Czech and Slovak undergraduates: study focused on the frequency of experienced emotions and on the preferred strategy of emotional expression. Authors assumed that the samples of Czech and Slovak undergraduates would not differ in terms of frequency of emotions but that they would differ in terms of their regulatory strategies. Sample and settings. The Czech (N = 107) and Slovak (N = 144) undergraduates recorded emotional valence, frequency of their emotional experience and their preferred expression of the emotion into a specific questionnaire (an inventory of 80 emotions obtained in previous investigations). Statistical analysis. The collected data was processed based on the average frequency of responses for each emotion. For the comparison of Czech and Slovak frequency of experienced emotion, authors used the t-test for two independent samples and to compare the expressive strategies the chi-square test for comparing the observed and expected values. For the correlation of emotions, authors used the nonparametric Spearman rho correlation coefficient., b2_Results. The results have shown that the emotional connotations are predominantly similar in both samples; however analyses found different connotations for the emotion of pride, which correlated more strongly with negative emotions rather than positive in the Czech sample. Students in the Slovak sample experienced emotions slightly more often than Czech respondents. The samples differ significantly in terms of emotion regulation: the Slovak undergraduates express emotions more openly as compared to Czech students who often deamplify their emotional expressions. Study limitations. The limitations of this study are the facts that the samples were not representative and that the Slovak undergraduates were not involved in the construction of the used inventory of emotions., and Iva Poláčková Šolcová, Peter Tavel, Peter Kolarčik.
Kosmické aktivity mají v Česku dlouhou tradici od samého počátku kosmického vědeckého výzkumu, kdy bylo tehdejší Československo zapojeno do projektů Interkosmos a Magion. Od roku 2008 je Česká republika členskou zemí Evropské kosmické agentury ESA. Toto členství umožňuje českým vědcům a inženýrům zapojovat se do technologicky nejšpičkovějších kosmických projektů. Tento článek je stručným přehledem hlavních vědeckých projektů ESA, do kterých je Česká republika zapojená. and Jiří Svoboda, Ondřej Santolík, Ivana Kolmašová, Jan Souček, Petr Heinzel.
The article focuses on the problem of resettlement of Czechs, Slovaks, Poles and Germans who lived on the territory of the former Soviet Union, to the countries of their forefathers. It is centered especially on the period of the 1990s. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the year 1991 important streams of migration occurred, especially out of those former Soviet republics with certain ethnic minorities. The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Germany arranged conditions for the resettlement of their countrymen and their family members in the areas of legislature as well as the material support. While in the case of Czechs, Slovaks and Poles smaller groups were resettled (1–3 thousands of persons), there were about 2 millions of Germans.
The issue of Czechoslovaks returning from abroad after the Great War has received little attention to date in the Czech historiography. A clarification of this issue is, however, essential to understanding the migratory processes of this period in their entirety. It is practically impossible to separate the re-emigration of Czechs and Slovaks who had settled abroad before the war from the repatriation of persons forced across the borders during the course of the war (e.g. prisoners of war from the Austro-Hungarian army), since both occurred at the same period of time in the years 1918–1923 and the two groups of returnees frequently returned together.
In the Croatia territory, the Czechs are concentrated predominantly in the area of the northwestern Slavonia. Center of this region with relatively compact Czech settlement is the town of Daruvar. Before and after the World War I, when the Czechoslovak Foreign Institute and the National Czechoslovak Council were established, the interest in this region increased. In 1930’s the Czechoslovak Foreign Institute initiated a mapping survey of this region, which was, however, not completed. The further initiative was launched several decades later. A research of culture of the Czech colony in the Daruvar region was carried out in 1965-70 by the Ethnography and Folklore Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (ČSAV) and the Folk Art Institute in Zagreb. More recent works devoted to the Czechs living in Croatia originate primarily in the country itself. My research in the region was realized above all in the form of interviews. I received a lot of necessary information from the Czech Union archives and from the local professional literature. In comparison with the previous research and with respect to the several-decade distance, it was possible to trace the process of acculturation and assimilation and to estimate its possible development. The accessible printed materials and literature are of miscellaneous origin. they partly come from the Czechoslovak Foreign Institute employees - Antonín Šembera, Rudolf Turčín and Jan Auerhan. Many valuable documents are deposited in the Central State Archive in Prague, in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs archive as well as in the Náprstek Museum’s archive. A rich archive is situated in the seat of the Czech Union in Croatia - in the Czech House in Daruvar. It contains many documents from the life of the Czech minority. The collections in this archive were assorted with the help of the Czech Republic, that is to say by archivists from the Central State Archive in Prague who had been working here for several years since 2001.