Effects of two adipokinetic hormones (Pyrap-AKH and Peram-CAH-II) on the presence of diacylglycerol (DG) molecular species and their fatty acid (FA) constituents in the haemolymph of the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus were investigated using liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results show that DGs with characteristic FAs are preferentially mobilized from the fat body (FB) by the action of both the AKHs produced by P. apterus. Both the macropterous and brachypterous morphs have similar DG and FA profiles. A difference in the action of the Pyrap-AKH and the Peram-CAH-II, however, results in distinct differences in the distribution of FAs in the macropterous morph. It seems that C16 to a slight extent and unsaturated C18 FAs mainly play a dominant role in the AKH based action, in particular linoleic acid (18:2), which represents 50-60% of the total DG mobilized. The metabolically active C16 and C18 FAs are preferentially absorbed from the linden seeds and accumulated in the FB. The relationships between AKH action and FA distribution in DGs in P. apterus, compared to other insect species are summarized and discussed in detail.
Coenzyme Qio (CoQio) levels in human plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. CoQio was dissociated from lipoproteins by methanol and subsequently cleaned-up on silica gel and octadecyl silica solid-phase extraction cartridges. HPLC separation was performed on a Cis reversed-phase column. The methanol-hexane mobile phase provided a greater possibility of separation procedure adjustment allowing the shortest possible elution time without loss of resolution than a two-alcohol mobile phase. Quantitation was based on the peak heights using a standard addition method. The lower limit of detection was 8 ng on-column, corresponding to 90 //g ubiquinone per litre of plasma in an actual sample. Thirty-one randomly selected plasma samples from apparently healthy, 18 to 56-year-old individuals (males and females) were analyzed for total CoQio. The average level in these subjects was 0.47±0.18 mg/1 with the range of 0.26-1.03 mg/1. The method was also applied to the determination of ubiquinone plasma level changes in one healthy volunteer over a period of one month and after oral intake of CoQio.
Dynamic changes of neoxanthin (NEO), violaxanthin (VIO), anteraxanthin (ANT), zeaxanthin (ZEA), chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, α-carotene, β-carotene, and their behaviour under increasing duration of high irradiance (HI) were investigated in the soybean hypocotyl callus culture. The calli were induced on solid (1.1 % agar) MS medium (pH 5.8) supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-D, 2.32 μM kinetin, and 3 % sucrose. After 30 d of culture, the green calli were irradiated with "white light" (133W m-2) for 0, 3.5, and 24 h. HPLC profiles were separated on a C18 column. With increasing duration of HI, the content of total carotenoids (Cars) increased, but the ratio of Chl a+b/Cars decreased. With lengthening the duration of HI, there was induction of ZEA. Contents of ANT, α-carotene, and β-carotene remained nearly constant, but ratio of ZEA/Chl a+b increased with lengthening the HI duration. and D. M. Pandey, K. H. Kim, U. D. Yeo.
High irradiance (HI) effects on xanthophyll cycle pigments (XCP) and activity of violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) in terms of de-epoxidation index (DEI) were studied in soybean calli. The calli from the hypocotyl segments of 5-d seedlings were induced on a solid (1.1 % agar) MS medium (pH 5.8) supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, 2.32 μM kinetin, and 3 % sucrose. After a 30 d cultivation, the green calli were irradiated for 24 h with "white light" (HI, 1 300 μmol m-2 s-1) and VDE was isolated from the photosystem 2 (PS2) particles. In the control (0 h irradiation) callus, the reaction of PS2 particles with VDE in the presence or absence of Tween 20 resulted in the decrease of VIO content and the increase of ZEA content. In the 24 h HI-callus, the reaction of PS2 particles in the absence of VDE led to the decrease of VIO and ANT contents and increase of ZEA content. In the control, DEIs in the presence of VDE with or without 0.1 %Tween 20 (1.04 and 1.06, respectively) were significantly higher than the DEI (0.76) in the absence of VDE. In the HI-callus, DEIs in the presence of VDE with or without 0.1 %Tween 20 (0.98 and 0.96, respectively) were similar to that (1.03) in the absence of VDE. and D. M. Pandey ... [et al.].
Natural and synthetic compounds called endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with normal hormone binding to convey inaccurate signals or send mixed messages that may result in altered health outcomes of both wildlife and humans. Estriol is one of natural origin endocrine disruptors and it is metabolite of 17β-estradiol. The aim of this work was to develop a method for determining free estriol available to capaciting sperm. In order to determine a status of estriol during mouse sperm capacitation in vitro a high performance liquid chromatography HPLC method with UV detection was used. A free estriol, and the estriol bound to the bovine serum albumin in capacitation medium can be quantified by the proposed method. A reversed-phase separation mode using a SunFire C18 column with a simple mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water, methanol and water at the ratio 40/60 (v/v) was applied. Our results show that the level of free estriol available for mouse spermatozoa during capacitation in vitro can be quantified by HPLC method with UV detection. Therefore, this method represents an important tool to determine the amount of environmental estrogens, such as estriol, bound to sperm cells at the specific time point of capacitation in vitro.
Total carotenoids assessed spectrophotometrically in crude extracts may be considerably overestimated when high contents of phenolic compounds are co-extracted. In this case, the absorbance tails of phenolics extend well into the blue part of the spectrum, interfering with carotenoid estimation. Extracts of phenolic-rich organs, with a low ratio of photosynthetic to heterotrophic and/or supportive cells (for example, stems or twigs) are vulnerable to such pitfalls and may need chromatographic separation of carotenoids. and E. Levizou, Y. Petropoulou, Y. Manetas.
Vorikonazol je širokospektrální antimykotikum používané v profylaxi a léčbě závažných invazivních mykotických infekcí, nejenom u imunodeficientních pacientů. Vyznačuje se velkou variabilitou dosahovaných plazmatických koncentrací v důsledku rozdílné resorpce při perorálním podávání, rozdílnou metabolizací a četnými lékovými interakcemi. Dosavadní limitovaná literární data ukazují na možnost vztahu mezi plazmatickou koncentrací vorikonazolu a selháním antimykotické léčby nebo toxicitou tohoto léku. Cílem této přehledné práce je analyzovat skutečnou použitelnost monitoringu plazmatických koncentrací vorikonazolu v běžné klinické praxi., Voriconazole is an azol broad spectrum agent used in treatment and prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections. Due to different resorption, different metabolism and frequent drug interactions voriconazole exhibits a wide variability of its plasma concentrations. Some recent studies have shown a possible relationship between voriconzole plasma concentration and the therapeutic outcome of fungal infection and have described possible correlation between voriconazole concentration and drug toxicity, too. This review is focused on importance and usability of voriconazole plasma concentration measurement in routine clinical practice., Jana Diatková, Ludmila Malášková, Iva Kocmanová, Martina Tošková, Jiří Mayer, Zdeněk Ráčil, and Literatura