Search

Start Over Subject Hemiptera Type články

1. A novel association between Aphaenogaster subterranea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the nymphs of Reptalus panzeri (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)

Creator:
Lörinczi, Gábor
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aphaenogaster subterranea, Hemiptera, Cixiidae, Reptaluls panzeri, ant-hemipteran, association, insect-insect relationship, myrmecophily, Fraxinus ornus, ash, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Gábor Lörinczi.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Biodiversity - economy or ecology? Long-term study of changes in the biodiversity of aphids living in steppe-like grasslands in Central Europe

Creator:
Osiadacz, Barbara, Hałaj, Roman, and Chmura, Damian
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, polokřídlí, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea, bio-ecological groups, community structure, protected habitats, loss of biodiversity, human impact, NMDS methods, regional hotspots, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
This paper examines the changes in the species composition of aphids living in dry calcareous grasslands in Central Europe over a 25-year period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of this type in the world that takes into account both previous and current data on species richness as well as groups of aphids that are distinguishable on the basis of biological and ecological criteria such as host-alternation and feeding types, life cycle, ecological niche, symbiosis with ants and their ecological functional groups. Over the period of more than 25 years, there has been a significant decrease in aphid α-diversity, from 171 to 105 species. The gain, which is in species not previously recorded, was 17 taxa. The loss of biodiversity occurred despite the fact that these habitats are protected and are valuable regional biodiversity hotspots. The losses are mostly related to intensive human activity in adjacent areas, which, unfortunately, has resulted in the isolation of these small, protected environmental islands by the removal of ecological corridors. Since, as is shown in this study, the frequencies between individual biological and ecological groups of aphids have been retained, it would be possible to restrict this loss of biodiversity if appropriate actions are taken., Barbara Osiadacz, Roman Hałaj, Damian Chmura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Biology of the conifer needle scale, Nuculaspis abietis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in northern Iran and parasitism by Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Creator:
Rasekh, Arash, Michaud, J. P., and Varandi, Hassan Barimani
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Írán, Iran, Nuculaspis abietis, Diaspididae, Hemiptera, Aspidiotiphagus citrinus, Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera, Picea abies, Norway spruce, development, host range, parasitism, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The conifer needle scale, Nuculaspis abietis (Schrank) emerged as an important pest of conifers in the Kelardasht region of Mazandaran province, Iran, in the late 1990's. This pest feeds on conifer needles and twigs causing needle drop and branch desiccation. Its discovery in Kelardasht in Mazandaran Province necessitated a local quarantine of conifers in the genera Picea, Abies, and Pinus. We studied the life history and ecology of this scale on Norway spruce, Picea abies, under laboratory and natural field conditions. The complete life cycle of females required 206.4 ± 5.7 days in the laboratory (25 ± 1°C, 65-75% RH, 14L : 10D) and 315.7 ± 9.3 days under field conditions. In Kelardasht, numbers of adult males and females peaked in mid-June and early May, respectively, and numbers of first and second instar nymphs in mid-July and early September. Lifetime fecundity was estimated to be 57.3 ± 5.1 eggs and 54.0 ± 4.4 nymphs per female under laboratory conditions. The sex ratio ranged from 59% female for second instar nymphs to 71% female for adults. Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was found naturally parasitizing the scale and overwintering in the larval stage on second instar nymphs. First generation adult wasps emerged in spring from overwintered second instar nymphs to parasitize 64.75% of first instar scales. Second generation wasps emerged from early September to mid-October and parasitized 19.75% of second instar scales, for a cumulative parasitism rate of 84.5%. and Arash RASEKH, J.P. MICHAUD, Hassan BARIMANI VARANDI.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Differential accumulation of energy by the colour morphs of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) mirrors their ecological adaptations

Creator:
Ahsaei, SEyed Mohammad, Tabadkani, Seyed Mohammad, Hosseininaveh, Vahid, Alllahyari, Hossein, and Bigham, Mahdieh
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Acyrthosiphos pisum, adaptation, colour morph, dispersal, available energy, environmental factors, pea aphid, polymorphism, reproduction, specialization, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a well-studied species in terms of its colour polymorphism, where it occurs as two distinct colour morphs, red and green. It is proposed that the occurrence and maintenance of this polymorphism is an adaptive response to environmental factors, in particular natural enemies and host plant quality. We hypothesized that these adaptations are directly mirrored in the energy reserves accumulated by the different colour morphs during their pre-adult stages and reflect their specialization for particular ecological roles. We quantitatively measured the different energy reserves of red and green pea aphids and found that the total energy reserves of these morphs did not differ. Interestingly, these reserves were made up of different components in the red and green colour morphs. There was a higher percentage content of water-soluble carbohydrates and lipids in the red clones and higher percentage content of protein in green clones. These finding are in accordance with green clones being more fecund than red ones and needing more protein for reproduction than red clones, which produce more winged offspring when crowded or in response to the presence of natural enemies and so, need more lipids and carbohydrates to fuel their walking and flight. Apparently, different colour morphs are physiologically specialized to adjust their energy reserves in relation to their specific ecological adaptations and maximize their fitness in terms of dispersal, reproduction, defense and survival., Seyed Mohammad Ahsaei ... []., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Do the arthropod communities on a parasitic plant and its hosts differ?

Creator:
Lázaro-González, Alba, Hódar, José A., and Zamora, Regino
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, jmelí bílé, borovice, polokřídlí, Viscum album, Pinus, Hemiptera, Mistletoe, hemiparasitic plant, pine host, arthropod communities, specialist insect, Cacopsylla visci, Pinalitus viscicola, Anthocoris visci, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Parasitic plants growing on tree branches may be a novel niche and phytoresource for arthropods. The spatial continuity between hosts and their parasites in canopies might provide a homogeneous environment for arthropod communities, but differences in mistletoe leaves and host needles could be exploited by different species of arthropods. Therefore, it is important to determine insect-community assemblages in order to discover the role of parasitic plants as a different habitat for arthropods. Thus, we aim to evaluate the level of similarity between the arthropod community on mistletoe (Viscum album) and that on its two principal pine hosts, Black pine (Pinus nigra) and Scots pine (P. sylvestris), on a Mediterranean mountain. Our results reveal that, irrespective of the species of pine host, V. album has a stable, independent and simple arthropod trophic web, composed mainly of two specialist hemipteran herbivores, Cacopsylla visci (Psyllidae) and Pinalitus viscicola (Miridae), and a hemipteran predator, Anthocoris visci (Anthocoridae). Despite this, the composition of the arthropod communities differed significantly on both host species, with a greater richness and diversity on Scots than Black pine and these differences are not reflected in the community on mistletoe. Overall, we conclude that, although Viscum album is considered to be a pest of pine, its presence increases the heterogeneity of the forest canopy by providing a novel habitat for a new and specific community of arthropods. In addition, this is a new record for and most probably an extension of the southernmost limit of the known geographical distribution of the arthropod community inhabiting V. album., Alba Lázaro-González, José A. Hódar, Regino Zamora., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania: hic sunt Aenictopecheidae. The first genus and species of Afrotropical Aenictopecheidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha)

Creator:
Pavel Štys and Baňař, Petr
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Enicocephalomorpha, Aenictopecheidae, Ulugurocoris grebennikovi gen. n. et sp. n., taxonomy, morphology, distribution, epimeroid (new term), true bug, Afrotropical region, Tanzania, Eastern Arc Mountains, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
A new genus and species of Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha: Aenictopecheidae: Aenictopecheinae, Ulugurocoris grebennikovi gen. et sp. n., based on micropterous females from Tanzania, Uluguru Mts, Budunki, is described and differentiated. The males are probably macropterous. Some general aspects of morphology of U. grebennikovi are discussed in a broader context, such as presence of cephalic trichobothria (suggested to be a groundplan character of Heteroptera), presence of “gular sulci” (suggested to have an ecdysial function), lack of cephalic neck (symplesiomorphy with other Hemiptera), presence of posterior lobe of pronotum associated with the epimeroid (a new term for so called “proepimeral lobe”), and presence of notopleural sulcus on the propleuron. Diagnostic characters of the Aenictopecheinae are summarized and distribution of their seven genera is reviewed. Ulugurocoris grebennikovi is the first representative of the basal family Aenictopecheidae in the Afrotropical Region. The type locality is situated in the Eastern Arc Mountains (Tanzania), a recently identified hotspot of Afrotropical diversity characterized by a high degree of endemism caused by high rates of speciation combined with low rates of extinction. A brief characterization of the area is provided., Pavel Štys, Petr Baňař., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Effect of ant attendance on aphid population growth and above ground biomass of the aphid's host plant

Creator:
Hosseini, Afsane, Hosseini, Mojtaba, Katayama, Noboru, and Mehrparvar, Mohsen
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, polokřídlí, mšicovití, blanokřídlí, populační růst, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hymenoptera, population growth, Formicidae, ant-aphid interaction, aphid performance, developmental stage, plant yield, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Ant-aphid mutualism is considered to be a beneficial association for the individuals concerned. The population and fitness of aphids affected by ant attendance and the outcome of this relationship affects the host plant of the aphid. The main hypothesis of the current study is that ant tending decreases aphid developmental time and/or increases reproduction per capita, which seriously reduces host plant fitness. The effect of attendance by the ant Tapinoma erraticum (Latreille, 1798) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on population growth and duration of different developmental stages of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were determined along with the consequences for the fitness of the host plant of the aphid, Vicia faba L., in greenhouse conditions. The initial aphid density was manipulated in order to study aphid performance due to density-dependent changes in ant attendance. The population growth rate of ant attended aphids was more than that of unattended aphids. However, the ratio of 1st-2nd nymphs to adults in aphid populations attended by ants was lower. The yields of bean plants on which the aphids were attended by ants were significantly greater than those of unattended plants. This study indicates that ants not only increase aphid fitness in terms of their population growth rate, but also benefit the host plant., Afsane Hosseini, Mojtaba Hosseini, Noboru Katayama, Mohsen Mehrparvar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Indochinese Polydictya lanternflies: Two new species from Vietnam, identification key and notes on P. vietnamica (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Creator:
Constant, Jérôme and Pham, Hong-Thai
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, polokřídlí, Hemiptera, Indočína, Indochina, Fulgoridae, Polydictya, lanternbug, planthopper, taxonomy, new species, key, citizen science, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Two new species of Polydictya Guérin-Méneville, 1844 from Vietnam, P. grootaerti sp. n. from Central Vietnam and P. drumonti sp. n. from North Vietnam, are described and compared with the closest species, P. chantrainei Nagai & Porion, 2004 and P. kuntzi Nagai & Porion, 2004. The male genitalia are described and illustrated for the two new species as well as for P. vietnamica Constant & Pham, 2008 for the first time. Habitus details and photographs, a distribution map and photographs of specimens in nature when available, are provided. The occurrence of P. vietnamica from Thailand and Northeast India, noted here for the first time based on photographs taken in nature, requires confirmation based on the examination of specimens. An identification key to the species of Polydictya from the Indochinese region is provided., Jérôme Constant, Hong-Thai Pham., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Molecular identity of Stomaphis quercus (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachnidae) and description of a new species

Creator:
Depa, Lukasz, Mroz, Ewa, and Szawaryn, Karol
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea, Lachnidae, Stomaphis, COXI, COXII, molecular systematics, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The two species of the genus Stomaphis feeding on oak and birch, respectively, although morphologically similar, are considered to be separate species. However, the birch-feeding S. betulae Mamontova is considered to be a synonym of the oak and birch feeding S. quercus (L.) by some authors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the birch feeding and oak feeding populations attributed to S. quercus belong to the same species. The mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COXI) and II (COXII) were used to determine whether these two populations differ. There are no significant differences in these markers from oak and birch feeding individuals, indicating that these populations are conspecific. However, morphologically and ecologically distinct populations of Stomaphis were discovered feeding on oak. The molecular analysis confirmed that these populations are distinct, which resulted in the description of the new oak-feeding species, Stomaphis wojciechowskii Depa, sp. n. This new species previously remained unrecognized due to its very cryptic mode of life., Lukasz Depa, Ewa Mroz, Karol Szawaryn., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

10. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a scale insect (Drosicha mangiferae; Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) infesting mango orchards in Pakistan

Creator:
Ashfaq, Muhammad, Ara, Jehan, Noor, Ali Raza, Hebert, Paul D. N., and Mansoor, Shahid
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, Pákistán, Pakistan, Hemiptera, Monophlebidae, mango mealybug, Drosicha mangiferae, rDNA, COI, ITS1, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Mango orchards in Pakistan are attacked by the scale insect, Drosicha mangiferae (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), commonly called the "mango mealybug". This insect is univoltine, active from December through May and targets multiple host plants. We used DNA nucleotide sequences to characterize and determine the phylogenetic status of D. mangiferae. Mango mealybugs were collected from several tree species from different localities and patterns of phylogenetic and genetic diversity were examined at both nuclear (18S, ITS1) and mitochondrial (COI) genes. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that the mango mealybug belongs to the family Monophlebidae. Minor genetic differences in both the ITS1 and the COI barcode region were noted among D. mangiferae collected from different geographic localities. These genetic differences revealed the existence of two genotypes of D. mangiferae that are region specific but not host-specific. and Muhammad Ashfaq, Jehan Ara, Ali Raza Noor, Paul D.N. Hebert, Shahid Mansoor.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public