Search

Start Over Subject Hungary

22. Práca Václava Trnku z Křovic Historia febrium intermittentium o malárii v oblasti habsburskej monarchie

Creator:
Jurámiková, Babeta
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
medicine, Enlightenment, history of medicine, malaria, fevers, Hungary, Trnava, Wenzel Trnka von Krzowitz, Tábor, medicína, osvícenství, dějiny lékařství, malárie, horečky, Uhry, Václav Trnka z Křovic, Trnka, and Trnkové z Křovic
Language:
Czech
Description:
Wenzel Trnka von Krzowitz was born in 1739 in Tabor. He graduated from the University of Vienna, where after studying philosophy he studied at the Faculty of Medicine. His personality and systematic work attracted the attention of Gerard van Swieten, who in 1769 made a significant contribution to the institutional establishment of the first medical faculty in the Hungarian Lands. Trnka thus became one of the founding members of this faculty, where he was appointed professor of anatomy. The Faculty of Medicine was the last part of the Pázmany University to be established in Trnava, which could not meet the needs of a growing university, especially of the medical faculty itself, and so in 1777 the entire campus was moved to Buda. While still in Trnava, in 1775, Trnka published one of his most important works, Historia febrium intermittentium, in which he discusses intermittent fevers. These fevers were a relatively common and unpleasant phenomenon in Europe, especially in certain regions. They are caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, discovered in the 19th century, which cause several types of malaria, all of them being characterised by periodic bouts of fever. In his work, Trnka discusses in detail both the actual course of the disease and the treatment, emphasizing the use of quinine bark. The work contains several historically valuable chapters. It describes views and treatments of malaria in the 18th century, focusing also on those areas in the Habsburg Monarchy where the disease was widespread. Through Trnka’s work, the article provides an insight into life with this now exotic disease, which is today of little concern in our part of the world.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

23. Priority maďarského předsednictví a agenda evropského výzkumu

Creator:
Kašpárek, Martin
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, předsednictví v Radě Evropské unie, European Union Council presidency, Maďarsko, Hungary, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Hungarian Government assumed the six-month presidency of the European Union on January 1, 2011. Spain, Belgium and Hungary have agreed on a joint 18-month EU presidencies programme, also beginning in January 2010. These countries are the first to work under the rules of the Lisbon Treaty and will thus be responsible to define a working method to ensure a smooth transition without impeding the treaty's political progress. The Hungarian Presidency of the EU is building its political agenda around the human factor, focusing on four main topics: growth and employment for preserving the European social model; an economically stronger Europe; a citizen-friendly Union; and a policy of enlargement and neighborhood. and Martin Kašpárek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

24. Richárd Horváth, Itineraria regis Matthiae Corvini et reginae Beatricis de Aragonia (1458-[1476]-1490)

Creator:
Antonín Kalous
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
I., uherský král, Matyáš Korvín, 1443-1490, Aragonská, královna, choť Vladislava II. Jagellonského, českého a uherského krále, Beatrice, 1457-1508, 15. století, dějiny, středověká společnost, panovníci, history, medieval society, kings and rulers, Maďarsko, Hungary, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Antonín Kalous.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25. Secondary succession in overgrazed Pannonian sandy grasslands

Creator:
Török, Péter, Matus, Gábor, Papp, Mária, and Tóthmérész, Béla
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
elevation, denudation, goose breeding, Hungary, inland dunes, rate of succession, and species richness
Language:
English
Description:
We assessed vegetation changes on acidic sandy soils in permanent plots to follow secondary succession after cessation of intensive goose breeding in E Hungary. We also aimed to estimate the time required for vegetation regeneration and indicate differences in secondary succession patterns at different altitudes in sand dunes. Two sites in the low and two in the high parts of the dunes were chosen and sampled for twelve years. The initial stages are characterized by ruderal communities dominated by nitrophilous annual weeds. Ruderal vegetation was soon replaced by nutrient-poor communities dominated by short-lived pioneer dicotyledonous plants and grasses. In the last few years of the study, coinciding with a rainy period, the low sites were dominated by the perennial grasses, Poa angustifolia, P. pratensis and Cynodon dactylon. In contrast, in the high sites a less dense cover of perennials developed. The influence of initial composition on vegetation development decreased with time and the influence of altitude increased during succession. The altitude of the site had a significant effect on regeneration. Species richness and Shannon diversity of the high sites increased during vegetation development and that of the lowsites decreased. Most annuals persisted in the high sites but became extinct in the low sites. The mean species turnover rate, irrespective of altitude, decreased during the study.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

26. Slovakia and Hungary: two different cases of party system change and persistence after 2000

Creator:
Koubek, Jiří
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
party system, elections, Slovakia, Hungary, fragmentation, electoral system, personalization, and personification
Language:
Czech
Description:
The early months of 2014 have been marked with two important elections in two of the Visegrad Four (V4) countries. Both have been first order elections with very high stakes. Slovak presidential election was to be a test of Robert Fico’s risky maneuver, his attempt to capture the presidential office from amidst his PM mandate. Hungarian legislative election was to decide whether Viktor Orban’s unprecedented 2010 triumph would be reaffirmed or not. One of these electioans has been characterized by astonishing result continuity (in comparison to the previous election), while the other one by a fundamental change. Contraintuitively, however, this article aims to show that it is Hungary, the country displaying election outcome stability, which has actually been undergoing a party system change. And, conversely, in case of Slovakia, the country with a seemingly discontinuous election outcome, it would be at least premature to envisage a fundamental party system change.This article, obviously, goes beyond a narrow 2014 comparison of two single electoral events where, moreover, two different types of elections took place. It sets the current stories into context, i.e., analyzes both party systems, compares their differing logics and offers some tentative explanations for their divergent dynamics of development. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

27. Social housing in post-crisis Hungary: a reshaping of the housing regime under ‘unorthodox’ economic and social policy

Creator:
Hegedüs, József
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
social housing, Hungary, and welfare policy
Language:
English
Description:
Hungary stepped on a very specific path two years into the Global Financial Crisis and the recession in its wake, on which it replaced ‘traditional’ austerity programs with ‘unorthodox’ economic policy. This policy paradigm shift affected the emerging social housing policy in two respects. First, the mainstream approach to social problems related to worsening housing affordability (due to increased loan repayments and other cost items together with decreasing incomes) provided strong support for the middle class. Second, intervention toward low income households remained minimal, and served only to pacify political tensions. This dual approach characterized the policy of the government, and resulting shift in the social structure did not necessarily follow the direction policy makers intended. Programs aimed at the middle class were poorly targeted, and often helped the upper middle class the most, who again did not behave the way policy makers expected (which would have been increased consumption to stimulate economic growth). Programs aimed at low income groups rendered the social structure more rigid, decreased the chance of low income persons to escape from extreme poverty, and cemented the opportunity discrepancies between the rich and the poor. The most recent housing policy measures suggest that the mistakes committed in the 2000s will likely be repeated, and there are not measures in place which could correct their course.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

28. Spomienky Heleny Kottannerovej, překlad Mária Papsonová, předmluva a poznámky Daniela Dvořáková

Creator:
Antonín Kalous
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Kottanner, Helene, 1400-1470, 15. století, dvorská společnost, šlechtičny, překlady z němčiny, courtly society, noblewomen, translations from German, Maďarsko, Hungary, 8, and 94(430/439)
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Antonín Kalous.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

29. Sustainable recovery? Deciphering Hungary’s residential property market before the pandemic

Creator:
Dötsch, Jörg and Ginter, Tamás
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
residential property, housing policy, Hungary, and sustainability
Language:
English
Description:
This paper develops some analytical perspectives for a proper assessment of the dynamics observed on the Hungarian residential property market over the last decade. These dynamics are examined in comparison to official policy objectives. On the one hand, sustainable development and social balance were particularly urgent issues after the last financial crisis. On the other, the residential property market was officially instrumentalised to achieve them. We examined real estate market processes using data from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and found a change in investment motives and in the main groups of actors dominant in the market, and we also examined the role of foreign investment. At the aggregate national level, the past decade looks like a process of recovery. Nonetheless, the factors relevant for the observable dynamics do not seem to correspond to the goals also formulated in the new constitution, but rather document the investment fever of certain groups.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

30. Taxonomy and distribution of Cerastium pumilum and C. glutinosum in Central Europe

Creator:
Letz, Dominik Roman, Dančák, Martin , Danihelka, Jiří , and Šarhanová, Petra
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Austria, Caryophyllaceae, Cerastium litigiosum, cytotype, Czech Republic, DNA ploidy level, flow cytometry, Hungary, morphometrics, plant geography, Poland, Slovakia, and Ukraine
Language:
English
Description:
As a result of inconsistencies in morphological characters, Cerastium pumilum and C. glutinosum have been misunderstood or confused in many European floras since the 1960s. In the second volume of the Flora Nordica, a revised treatment of C. pumilum s.l. is provided and this concept is tested here for eastern Central European populations. The cytometric and morphological part of the study is based on living plants from 85 populations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Austria and Hungary. Flow cytometric analyses of the samples revealed two groups differing in ploidy level and corresponding to two cytotypes (a known octoploid, 2n ≈ 72, for C. glutinosum and yet unknown dodecaploid, 2n ≈ 108, for C. pumilum). Eleven morphological characters were scored or measured in plants of known ploidy level and the data set analysed using multivariate statistics (principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis); the two morphologically well-separated groups were identical with the two cytotype groups detected by flow cytometry. Based on these results, we suggest treating the detected cyto-morphotypes as the species C. pumilum and C. glutinosum. Our analysis further revealed that the traditionally used characters (glabrous vs. hairy adaxial surface and presence vs. absence of a scarious margin to the tip of the lowermost bracts) are not taxonomically informative. The characters best differentiating the species include indument on the lowermost vernal internodium, length of mature stylodia, length of glandular hairs on sepals and maximum diameter of mature seed. A key for identification of both species is also provided. A revision of almost 1600 specimens deposited in 16 Central European herbaria revealed that the species show different distribution patterns in Central Europe and partial habitat segregation. Specimens from the Czech Republic previously assigned to C. litigiosum were identified as C. pumilum; consequently, C. litigiosum must be removed from the Czech flora.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public