Effect algebras were introduced as abstract models of the set of quantum effects which represent sharp and unsharp properties of physical systems and play a basic role in the foundations of quantum mechanics. In the present paper, observables on lattice ordered σ-effect algebras and their "smearings" with respect to (weak) Markov kernels are studied. It is shown that the range of any observable is contained in a block, which is a σ-MV algebra, and every observable is defined by a smearing of a sharp observable, which is obtained from generalized Loomis-Sikorski theorem for σ-MV algebras. Generalized observables with the range in the set of sharp real observables are studied and it is shown that they contain all smearings of observables.
Several open problems posed during FSTA 2006 (Liptovský Ján, Slovakia) are presented. These problems concern the classification of strict triangular norms, Lipschitz t-norms, interval semigroups, copulas, semicopulas and quasi-copulas, fuzzy implications, means, fuzzy relations, MV-algebras and effect algebras.