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22. Acoustic signals of the bush-crickets Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) from Eastern Europe, Caucasus and adjacent territories

Creator:
Zhantiev, Roustem, Korsunovskaya, Olga, and Benediktov, Alexander
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, rovnokřídlí, Phaneropterinae, zvukové signály, Orthoptera, acoustic signals, Barbitistinae, Isophya, stridulatory files, behaviour, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Temporal patterns and frequency spectra of the songs and stridulatory files of 14 species of the genus of the phaneropterid bush-crickets Isophya from Eastern Europe, Altai and the Caucasus are given. The sound signals of the species studied can be separated into three main types: (1) those consisting of two syllables (Isophya gracilis, I. kalishevskii, I. schneideri, I. caspica, Isophya sp. 1); (2) one syllable and series of clicks (I. modesta rossica, I. stepposa, I. taurica, I. brunneri, I. doneciana, I. altaica); (3) single repeating syllables of uniform shape and duration (I. pienensis, Isophya sp. 2 and possibly I. stysi). The acoustic signals and behaviour of eastern European, Altai and Caucasian species are compared to those of several other European species of Isophya., Roustem Zhantiev, Olga Korsunovskaya, Alexander Benediktov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

23. Adaptive significance of the prolonged diapause in the western Mediterranean lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Creator:
Obregón, Rafael, Haeger, Juan Fernández, and Jordano, Diego
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, konkurence, motýli, competition, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Tomares ballus, prolonged diapause, evolutive adaptation, changing environment, parasitoids, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Diapause is a common dormancy strategy exhibited by many species of invertebrates and insects to temporarily avoid seasonally recurring unfavourable conditions for their development, most usually in winter. Less frequently, a prolonged diapause lasting two or more years is described in species living in unpredictable environments where it is adaptive, but with significant costs. In this paper we examine the occurrence of prolonged diapause in the lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus. Pupae of this species undergo an obligate diapause from mid-May to late January the following year. However, during our rearing experiments (from 2009 to 2016) the emergence of adults occurred sequentially and a fraction of the pupae remained in diapause for up to seven years. The annual percentage emergence after the first year of diapause was 45.6%, and only barely exceeded 50.0% in 2015. Remarkably, 12 pupae (11.4% of the initial brood) remained in diapause in their eighth year. The negative exponential equation fitted to the emergence data suggests that further emergences may occur within the next five years. Therefore, the potential for successful prolonged diapause of T. ballus pupae may be more than 10 years. The adaptive value of this strategy is discussed in relation to the effects of adverse and unpredictable weather during the flight period of the butterfly, intra-guild competition, parasitoids and changes in habitat quality. We suggest that this strategy may also be exhibited by other species of Mediterranean lycaenids., Rafael Obregón, Juan Fernández Haeger, Diego Jordano., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

24. Adult demography, spatial distribution and movements of Zerynthia polyxena (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in a dense network of permanent habitats

Creator:
Čelik, Tatjana
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, Zerynthia polyxena, Southern Festoon, mark-release-recapture, demography, resource distribution, movement, home range, butterfly conservation, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
1_The adult demographic parameters, mobility, nectar choice and how the spatial distribution of males and females of Z. polyxena is affected by the distribution and abundance of host-plants, and adults of the opposite sex was studied in a population of this species inhabiting a dense network of permanent habitats (totalling 8.7 ha). The population size was estimated to be ca. 300 individuals. The average adult lifespan was 4.4 days and the maximum 23 (male) and 20 (female) days. The capture probability was higher for males than females due to the more conspicuous behaviour and bounded area of activity of males. A slow increase was followed by a slow decrease in the sex specific parabolic recruitment curve, indicating slight protandry and long emergence period, probably due to habitat heterogeneity. The spatial distribution of host plants (Aristolochia lutea) is the key factor determining the spatial distribution of adults. There was a strong positive correlation between male and female density at each patch, both of which were dependent on the cover of host plants growing in sunny conditions. In searching for A. lutea plants suitable for oviposition, females fly greater distances and move more frequently between patches than males. The size, shape and orientation of the male home range were influenced by the size, shape and orientation of stands of host-plants in sunny positions, but not by patch area. Such adult fidelity to stands of host-plants in sunny positions indicates that the spatial distributions of oviposition sites, mate-locating sites and larval habitats of Z. polyxena overlap. The better statistical fit and much lower probabilities for long-distance movements generated by a negative exponential function than an inverse power function are probably due to the small size and high habitat connectivity of the site studied. Adults were opportunistic in their use of nectar plants., 2_Traditional management is the key factor for maintaining permanent habitats for this species in a grassland biotope., Tatjana Čelik., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25. Against the central-marginal model: three cases in chromosomally polymorphic grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Creator:
Colombo, Pablo C.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Orthoptera, Acrididae, central-marginal model, chromosomal polymorphisms, grasshoppers, recombination, environmental gradient, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The central-marginal model is widely accepted in chromosomally polymorphic species of Drosophila. In fact, geographically and ecologically central populations of Drosophila show higher levels of polymorphism for paracentric inversions, whereas marginal populations tend to be monomorphic. This fact has been variously explained. Chromosomal polymorphisms in grasshoppers have also been attributed to show such geographical structuring, as in the case of the South-American grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner (Orthoptera: Acrididae). However, in three other cases involving Acrididae – Leptysma argentina Bruner, Trimerotropis pallidipennis (Burmeister) and Cornops aquaticum (Bruner), it is clear that chromosomal polymorphisms (sometimes with a wide extension over the Argentine area) do not conform to this pattern, and show instead clear correlations with environmental variables, especially minimum temperature, showing low or null frequencies of the rearrangements at one extreme of the environmental gradient and with high or fixed frequencies at the other. Furthermore, this correlation with temperature might also be true in the case of D. pratensis. These aforementioned examples emphasise the dangers of over-generalization when discussing chromosomal polymorphisms, and suggests that such polymorphisms should be considered very much in a case-specific manner in terms of the particular genetic system under study., Pablo C. Colombo., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

26. Agresivní chování kojotů vůči člověku v přírodě Kostariky

Creator:
Ivan Literák
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, savci, psovití, národní parky, mammals, Canidae, national parks, Kostarika, Costa Rica, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek podrobně popisuje autorovo neobvyklé setkání s kojoty (Canis latrans) v roce 2010 v kostarickém národním parku Braulio Carillio v části Sector Volcán Barva. Pořízené dokumentační fotografie umožnily analyzovat agresivní chování kojotů vůči člověku a jeho etologickou interpretaci na základě znalostí etologie psovitých šelem., In August 2010, the author visited Braulio Carrillo National Park in Costa Rica and approached three coyotes (Canis latrans). The article describes their attack, probably due to maternal aggression combined with fear-induced and territorial aggressions., and Ivan Literák.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

27. Agrolesnictví a plantáže kávovníku

Creator:
Ehrenbergerová, Lenka
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, botanika, fyziologie rostlin, pěstitelství, životní prostředí, ekologie, botany, plant physiology, horticultural education, environment, ecology, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Agrolesnické systémy v tropických oblastech nabízejí možnost, jak zajistit trvale udržitelnou produkci na obdělávaných pozemcích, a často představují jediný zalesněný ekosystém v okolní odlesněné krajině. Tento článek se věnuje problematice agrolesnictví v tropech se zaměřením na kávové plantáže pěstované v Peru., Agroforestry systems present a way to keep sustainable production in cultivated areas, especially in the tropical zone. At the same time it is often the only forested ecosys­tem in otherwise deforested landscape. This article is about agroforestry in tropical areas, with the focus on coffee (Coffea) plantations in Peru., and Lenka Ehrenbergerová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

28. Akustické varovné signály syslů. I. Úvod, význam, vnitrodruhová a mezidruhová variabilita

Creator:
Schneiderová, Irena
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, sysel, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ground-dwelling sciurids, including prairie dogs (Cynomys), marmots (Marmota) and several genera of ground squirrels (e.g. Ammospermophilus, Spermophilus, Notocitellus, Ictidomys, Urocitellus), emit alarm calls in the presence of predators to warn their kin. These calls show high intra- and inter-species variation. The alarm calls of many species have potential to encode information about caller identity, and possibly enable the ground squirrels to recognize unreliable callers or to estimate the degree of risk. The alarm calls can be used to determine species or subspecies, and can also help resolve some taxonomic complexities. and Irena Schneiderová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29. Akustické varovné signály syslů. II. Varovné hvizdy sysla obecného a dvou přibuzných druhů

Creator:
Schneiderová, Irena and Policht, Richard
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, sysel, sysel obecný, ohrožené druhy živočichů, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article summarises results of our research on inter- and intra-species variability in alarm calls (emitted in the presence of predator) of the European Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) and closely related species (Taurus Ground Squirrel - S. taurensis, Anatolian Ground Squirrel - S. xanthoprymnus). Alarm calls of all three species mostly consist of two different elements; individuals producing alarm calls with only one of them were, however, also recorded. Although their alarm calls share the same basic structure, the three species can be clearly distinguished. Significant inter-individual differences allow identification of particular callers in a colony. and Irena Schneiderová, Richard Policht.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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