The involvement of rapheal and medial parts of the medullary reticular formation in both generation of airway reflexes and changes in breathing were studied in 18 chloralose or pentobarbitone anaesthetized, non-paralyzed cats. Chemical lesions to the medullary midline region (0—4 mm rostral to the obex) produced by localized injections of the neurotoxin kainic acid regularly abolished the cough reflexes evoked from the tracheobronchial and laryngopharyngeal regions and in most cases also the expiration reflex induced from the glottal area. The aspiration reflex elicited from the nasopharynx was spared, but was less intense. However, the signs of cough and expiration reflexes were preserved in the neurogram of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The experiments have shown the importance of raphe nuclei and other medullary midline structures for the occurrence of cough and expiration reflexes. One possible explanation for the elimination of these expulsive processes is the removal of an important source of facilitatory input to the spinal respiratory motoneurons or to the brainstem circuitries that mediate cough and expiration reflexes . The role of the medullary midline in modulation of eupnoeic breathing and blood pressure is also discussed.