Je tomu již 12 let, co se ze skromného setkání studentů z Astronomického ústavu AV ČR v Ondřejově stala tradiční konference s mezinárodní účastí. INTEGRAL & BART Workshop (IBWS 2015) se zpočátku jako hlavním tématem zabýval pozorováním gamma záblesků vesmírnou družicí Evropské kosmické agentury INTEGRAL, jejichž optické protějšky se snažil na Zemi detekovat robotický dalekohled BART. Zaměření se v astronomii ukázalo jako aktuální, a tak letos v Karlových Varech prezentovalo své příspěvky na 40 inženýrů, vědců a studentů z České republiky, Německa, Itálie, Maďarska a Španělska. and Martin Blažek.
Methods of processing of VEGA-TV observations of the nucleus of P/Halley and derived scientfic results are summarized. The existence of lineamentary surface structures is interpreted as an indication for boundary zones between km-sized blocks, building the cometary nucleus. The consequences for cometary origin are investigated.
From accelerometer total density data collected during the last minimum of the solar cycle, density scale heights have been extensively computed. Effects of waves dissipation are evidenced on this data set which reflects temperature behaviour. It appears that tides of high orders (or planetary waves) are quite significant and variable.
It is argued that spiral patterns in galaxies generally are transient features which will decay away in a few dynamical times, only to be replaced by other similarly short-lived waves. The evidence for this point of view is presented and the current state of the theory is discussed. A major consequence of such behaviour is that disc stars are scattered into gradually more eccentric orbits by successive spiral waves. This has two further implications: (a) the velocity dispersion of stellar populations will increase with their ages and (b) persistent spiral structure demands a gas component in the disc that can dissipate some of the random moiton energy. That the theory offers such a matural explanation for these two well established aspects of galactic structure is cited as indirect evidence in its favour.
The use of different types of star as background for UV absorption line studies of the interstellar medium (ISM) is reviewed in the context of selected recent investigations of the local interstellar medium (LISM), interstellar gas in general and halo gas. Problems associated with the analysis and interpretation of interstellar absorption lines are highlighted..
Keplerův spis Astronomia nova představuje jedno z nejvýznamnějších astronomických děl všech dob. Obsahuje odvození vztahů, jimž dnes říkáme první a druhý Keplerův zákon pohybu planet. Kepler zde uplatnil nový přístup k astronomii, fyzice a vesmíru vůbec, když vyšetřoval eliptickou dráhu, po níž se Mars pohybuje kolem Slunce. Vysvětlení pohybu Marsu pojal nejen geometricky, ale využil i fyzikální magnetickou hypotézu., Kepler's Astronomia nova is one of the most important astronomical texts ever written. It contains what are known today as Kepler's first two laws of planetary motion. Kepler created a new approach to astronomy, physics of the heavens, based upon an examination of the motion of Mars, which is moving around the Sun on an elliptical path. The interpretation of the motion of Mars was not based only on geometrical demonstrations but also on a physical magnetic hypothesis., Vladimír Štefl., and Obsahuje bibliografii