Oxidative stress plays an important role in pressure overloadinduced
cardiac remodeling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether apocynin, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor, attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in rats. After abdominal aorta constriction, the surviving rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, abdominal aorta constriction group, apocynin group, captopril group. Left ventricular pathological changes were studied using Masson’s trichrome staining. Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) levels in the left ventricle were analyzed by western blot and gelatin zymography. Oxidative stress and apoptotic index were also examined in cardiomyocytes using dihydroethidium and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. Our results showed that abdominal aorta constriction significantly caused excess collagen deposition and cardiac insult. Treatment with apocynin significantly inhibited deposition of collagen and reduced the level of MMP-2. Furthermore, apocynin also decreased the NADPH oxidase activity, reactive oxygen species production and cardiomyocyte apoptotic index. Interestingly, apocynin only inhibited NADPH oxidase activity without affecting its expression or the level of angiotension II in the left ventricle. In conclusion, apocynin reduced collagen deposition, oxidative stress, and inhibited apoptosis, ultimately ameliorating cardiac remodeling by mechanisms that are independent of the renin-angiotensin system.
Thyroid hormones (THs) play multiple roles in the organism and alterations of their levels can result in many pathological changes. Currently, we use hypert hyroid and hypothyroid rats as “models of a diseased organi sm” and analyze whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) administration can ameliorate TH-induced pathop hysiological changes. We investigate myosin heavy chain composition, calsequestrin levels, changes in cardiac tissue remodeling and cell-to-cell communication, expression of protein kinases, mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress mark ers and cell death, changes in serum lipid levels, activities of key enzymes of thyroid hormone metabolism, activity of acetyl choline esterase and membrane anisotropy, as well as mobile behavior and thermal sensitivity. Additionally we also mention our pilot experiments dealing with the effect of statin administration on skeletal muscles and sensory functions. As THs and n-3 PUFA possess multiple sites of potential action, we hope that our complex research will contribute to a better understanding of their actions, which can be useful in the treatment of di fferent pathophysiological events including cardiac insufficiency in humans., T. Soukup., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy