The most frequently applied criteria of the quality of optical surfaces and elements are analysed in detail in this article. There are described both geometrical-optics criteria and criteria based on diffraction theory of imaging. Relationships between different image quality criteria and geometrical aberrations are presented as well. Some terms lacking classical analogy in optics are also mentioned, such as the focal length of a plane parallel plate, prism etc. and V článku je uvedena podrobná analýza kritérií kvality optických ploch a prvků, které se v praxi nejčastěji vyskytují. Jedná se jak o kritéria geometricko-optická, tak i o kritéria založená na difrakční teorii zobrazení. Je ukázána souvislost jednotlivých kritérií s geometrickými aberacemi a jsou vysvětleny některé pojmy, které se v klasické optice nevyskytují - např. ohnisková vzdálenost planparalelní desky, hranolu apod.
The paper derives fundamental formulae for calculation of large deformations of circular axisymmetric elastic membranes under uniform pressure and then presents and compares several possible solutions. The thorough study gives reader an opportunity to query the matter in detail and therefore to understand the limitations which can occur during calculations of large deformations of membranes. and Práce detailně odvozuje základní vztahy pro výpočet velkých deformací kruhových axisymetrických elastických membrán zatížených rovnoměrným tlakem a následně představuje a srovnává několik možných řešení. Hloubka studie nabízí čtenáři možnost podrobně nahlédnout do problematiky, a tedy dostatečně porozumět úskalím, která při výpočtech velkých deformací membrán mohou nastat a nastávají.
Uranium deposits, between which gas storage are being designed, the Rožná deposit and Olší deposit, are situated on the east edge of the Strážek Moldanubicum in Bohemian Masiff. Based on structural analysis it was possible to carry out the first rough prediction of potential weak zones in the rock mass. The structural analysis was also one of the supporting materials for determining the geometry and design method for the mine workings for the gas storage and for the advancing exploration of the gas storage region. Until now, the measurement of foliation planes and discontinuity planes in the survey crosscut V1-XXI and in a survey connecting gate GR1-XXI has been carried out. The results of interpretation of the measurement and monitoring of ductile elements (foliations) and joints (ruptures) as well as dislocations interpretation from the mine maps can be summarized and quoted in the contribution., Jiří Ptáček, Rostislav Melichar, Antonín Hájek, Petr Koníček, Kamil Souček, Lubomír Staš, Petr Kříž and Josef Lazárek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
As a consequence of the structural damping of materials, the transformation of mechanical energy into other energy type (above all into heat energy) at dynamic loading of materials proceeds. This process is irreversible. The material damping properties are expressed by loss factor.