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82. Spathebothriidea: survey of species, scolex and egg morphology, and interrelationships of a non-segmented, relictual tapeworm group (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda)
- Creator:
- Kuchta, Roman, Pearson, Rebecca, Scholz, Tomáš, Ditrich, Oleg, and Olson, Peter D.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Eucestoda, taxonomy, scanning electron microscopy, 28S rDNA, 18S rDNA, ITS2, phylogenetic relationships, and distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Tapeworms of the order Spathebothriidea Wardle et McLeod, 1952 (Cestoda) are reviewed. Molecular data made it possible to assess, for the first time, the phylogenetic relationships of all genera and to confirm the validity of Bothrimonus Duvernoy, 1842, Diplocotyle Krabbe, 1874 and Didymobothrium Nybelin, 1922. A survey of all species considered to be valid is provided together with new data on egg and scolex morphology and surface ultrastructure (i.e. microtriches). The peculiar morphology of the members of this group, which is today represented by five effectively monotypic genera whose host associations and geographical distribution show little commonality, indicate that it is a relictual group that was once diverse and widespread. The order potentially represents the earliest branch of true tapeworms (i.e. Eucestoda) among extant forms.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
83. Species of the genus Aphis (Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea) living on Hieracium (Asteraceae: Cichorieae)
- Creator:
- Holman, Jaroslav
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Taxonomy, Aphis, Hieracium, new species, key, Aphis mohelnensis, Aphis heiei, Aphis curtiseta, morphs, host plants, and distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Aphis hieracii Schrank (apterous and alate viviparous female, ovipara, male) is defined, along with description of three new species: A. heiei sp. n. (apt. and al; viv. fem.) on Hieracium umbellatum from Denmark, A. curtiseta sp. n. (apt. viv. fem., fundatrix, ovipara and male) on Hieracium (Pilosella) spp. from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Moldova and the Ukraine (Crimea), and Aphis mohelnensis sp. n. (apt. and al. viv. fem.) on H. (P.) echioides from the Czech Republic, H. (P.) bauhinii from Bulgaria and H. virosum from Uzbekistan. The latter species differs from A. hieracii in having a long ultimate rostral segment, shorter processus terminalis and, in alate females, more numerous secondary rhinaria. Additonal notes on taxonomy, host plants and distribution of A. hieracii and A. pilosellae are given. Records of Aphis fabae s. lat, and A. frangulae s. lat, on Hieracium spp., are reviewed and a key to the seven species of Aphis on Hieracium is provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
84. Species of the genus Folsomia (Collembola: Isotomidae) of northern Asia
- Creator:
- Potapov, Mikhail B. and Babenko, Anatoly B.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Collembola, Isotomidae, Folsomia, northern Palaearctic, revision, distribution, and key
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper deals with the taxonomy and distribution of Folsomia species from northern Russia with special reference to the Asian regions. Eight new species are described: F. amplissima sp. n., F. ancestor sp, n., F. atropolaris sp. n., F. borealis sp. n., F. brevisensilla sp. n., F. cryptophila sp. n., F. longidens sp. n., F. palaearctica sp. n. Five species, F. taimyrica, F. regularis, F. sp. aff. altamontana, F. alpha, and F. janstachi (nom. n. for Isotomina gracilis Stach, 1962 nec Folsomia gracilis Latzel, 1922), are redescribed. F. binoculata (Wahlgren) has been recovered and redescribed. The positions of F. macrochaetosa, F. magadani, and F. tesari have been defined more exactly on the basis of type material. An identification key of the northern Asiatic species of the genus is given.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
85. Štípaná industrie z obsidiánu v Čechách
- Creator:
- Burgert, Pavel
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- štípaná industrie, obsidián, Čechy, mladší doba kamenná, distribuce, suroviny, chipped industry, obsidian, Bohemia, Late Stone Age, distribution, and raw materials
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Předkládaná práce přináší přehled českých pravěkých nálezů štípaných artefaktů vyrobených z obsidiánu. Pozornost je dále zaměřena zejména na období mladého neolitu, kdy podíl této suroviny v českých souborech kulminuje a zároveň je možné nálezy lépe chronologicky ukotvit. Podrobně jsou rozebrány dva nejbohatší soubory, pocházející ze Smiřic a Plotišť nad Labem u Hradce Králové. Práce rozšiřuje svůj prostorový rámec i na Svitavsko, a to z důvodu úzké vazby této oblasti k východočeskému prostředí. Obsidián byl na sídlištích kultury s vypíchanou keramikou zpracováván ve formě donesených hlíz a podle specifické makroskopické stavby artefaktů bylo na místech zpracování vytěženo vždy jen malé množství kusů suroviny. Nejpravděpodobnější zdrojovou oblastí českých nálezů se jeví Zemplínské vrchy na jihovýchodním Slovensku, méně pravděpodobné jsou Tokajsko-zemplínské vrchy v severovýchodním Maďarsku. and The work provides an overview of Bohemian finds of prehistoric chipped artefacts made from obsidian. Attention is also paid to the Late Neolithic period, when the share of this raw material in Bohemian assemblages culminates and, at the same time, the finds can be more accurately dated. Two of the richest assemblages, which come from Smiřice and Plotiště nad Labem near Hradec Králové, are analysed in detail. The work also expands its spatial framework to include the Svitavy region due to the close ties between this area and east Bohemia. Obsidian was processed at Stroked Pottery culture settlements in the form of nodules brought to the sites; based on the internal construction of artefacts, only a small number of pieces were extracted at the processing sites. The most probable source of raw material for Bohemian finds are Zemplínské vrchy (the Zemplín Highlands) in southeast Slovakia, while Tokajsko-zemplínské vrchy (the Tokaj-Zemplín Highlands) in northeast Hungary are also possible, albeit less likely.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
86. Studies on the cyanophytes (Cyanobacteria, Cyanoprokaryota) of Cuba
- Creator:
- Komárek, Jiří
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Anabaena, central America, Cyanobacteria, Cyanoprokaryota, distribution, ecology, phynotype, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nineteen traditional Anabaena morphospecies were found in freshwater habitats in Cuba. Their taxonomic identification is discussed and variation in natural populations described. Seven species are known only from tropical countries (A. ambigua, A. fuellebornii, A. iyengarii, A. oblonga, A. orientalis, A. recta, A. volzii), four from tropical America (A. manguinii, A. portoricensis, A. torques-reginae, A. unispora), one was originally described from southern Africa (A. austro-africana) and one from central Asia (A. turkestanica). Two taxa are recognized as new species (A. hatueyi, A. jeejiae) and two remain unidentified (Anabaena spp.) because of a shortage of material. Only two species, A. cf. reniformis and A. cf. bornetiana, may occur also in the temperate zone (Europe or North America) and as special morphotypes in Cuba.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
87. Systematic revision and cladistic analysis of the Patagonian genus Platesthes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
- Creator:
- Flores, Gustavo E.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae, Praocini, Platesthes, South America, Patagonian steppes, distribution, and biology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The genus Platesthes Waterhouse, 1845 (Pimeliinae: Praocini), distributed in the Patagonian steppes in southern Argentina and Chile, is revised. A phylogeny of its 13 species is proposed, based on 48 morphological characters. The cladistic analysis provides one most parsimonious cladogram showing that three unambiguous synapomorphic characters of external morphology and male genitalia support the monophyly of Platesthes. This article includes a redescription of the genus, redescriptions of its species, an identification key, habitus photographs of the most representative species, illustrations of external morphology, genital features and metendosternites, a cladogram and distribution maps. A discussion of the biogeography and status of conservation of Platesthes in the Patagonian steppes and in Central Chile is presented. A new Platesthes species is described: P. neuquensis sp. n. and P. hirtipes Kulzer, 1962 stat. n. is elevated to species status. Other valid species of the genus are: P. depressa (Guérin-Ménéville, 1841), P. similis Kulzer, 1956, P. unicosta Kulzer, 1956, P. nigra Kulzer, 1956, P. pilosa Kulzer, 1956, P. vidali Peña, 1986, P. burmeisteri Haag-Rutenberg, 1877, P. granulipennis Kulzer, 1956, P. kuscheli Kulzer, 1958, P. humeralis Kulzer, 1958 and P. silphoides Waterhouse, 1845 (type species), for which a lectotype is designated.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
88. taxonomic revision of the Pilosella alpicola group in the Carpathians
- Creator:
- Šingliarová, Barbora and Mráz, Patrik
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chorology, chromosome number, distribution, Hieracium, flow cytometry, karyology, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A taxonomic study of the Pilosella alpicola group growing in the Carpathians revealed the presence of two morphologically distinguishable taxa: P. ullepitschii (Błocki) Szeląg and P. rhodopea (Griseb.) Szeląg. While P. ullepitschii is endemic to the Carpathians, P. rhodopea is a Balkan subendemic with two isolated localities in the Southern Carpathians (Mt Cozia and Mt Zmeuretu). The core area of distribution of P. ullepitchii is the natural subalpine and alpine meadows of the Western Carpathians (the Vysoké and Západné Tatry Mts in Slovakia and Poland). In addition, only three isolated localities are known from the Nemira Mts (Romanian Eastern Carpathians) and one from the Bucegi Mts (Romanian Southern Carpathians). Interestingly, the Romanian populations occur in man-made habitats (secondary pastures). Karyological and flow cytometric analyses of 305 plants from 13 populations of P. ullepitschii revealed only diploid plants (2n = 2x = 18). One Carpathian population of P. rhodopea from Mt Cozia is also diploid. This is the first report of diploidy in this species. However, the populations from the main part of the distribution of this taxon in the Balkan mountains include other cytotypes. Detailed morphological descriptions and distributions for both taxa are given.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
89. Taxonomy and cytogeography of the Molinia caerulea complex in central Europe
- Creator:
- Dančák, Martin, Duchoslav, Martin, and Trávníček, Bohumil
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- chromosome numbers, contact zones, distribution, DNA-ploidy level, flow cytometry, Molinia, polyploidy, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Perennial grasses belonging to the genus Molinia are widespread in most of Europe and consist of a polyploid complex of closely related taxa with a confusing taxonomy. Based on extensive sampling at 241 localities in Europe, four cytotypes were identified based on chromosome counts and results of flow cytometry: tetraploids (2n = 36), hexaploids (2n = 54), octoploids (2n = 72) and dodecaploids (2n = 108). While tetra- and dodecaploids were commonly recorded, octoploids were less common and only two hexaploid individuals were identified. Previously reported decaploid counts (2n = 90) from central Europe are probably erroneous and refer to 2n = 108. The tetraploid cytotype is distributed throughout Europe and broadly sympatric with other cytotypes. Octo- and dodecaploids were spatially separated with dodecaploids occurring in the western, central and south-central part of Europe and octoploids in the east-central and southeastern part of Europe. All quantitative characters measured (lengths of lemmas, anthers, caryopses and stomata, lengths of the longest hair on the callus and diameter of the culm below the panicle) showed a linear trend across ploidy levels. Tetra-, octo- and dodecaploid cytotypes formed almost non-overlapping groupings in principal component and discriminant analyses of morphological characters. The following taxonomic concept of this complex is proposed: Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench is a predominantly tetraploid taxon incorporating very rarely reported hexaploid and perhaps also diploid plants; higher cytotypes (2n = 8x, 12x) are considered to be M. arundinacea Schrank, consisting of two subspecies: a dodecaploid subspecies occurring in the southern and western part of central Europe and the octoploid Molinia arundinacea subsp. freyi Dančák in east-central and southeastern Europe.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
90. Taxonomy and distribution of Lemanea and Paralemanea (Lemaneaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Kučera , Pavel and Marvan , Petr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Czech Republic, distribution, freshwater algae, Lemanea, Lemaneaceae, Paralemanea, Rhodophyta, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Traditionally, all freshwater representatives of red algae with uniaxial cartilagineous and pseudoparenchymatous thalli were placed in the genus Lemanea. Two subgenera of this genus were distinguished, Lemanea and Paralemanea. The recently proposed elevation of these subgenera to genera is fully justified and generally accepted. However, the increasing data from natural populations of Lemanea shows that not all the traditional diacritical features are reliable for distinguishing species. This paper presents the results of a research project on the morphological variability of Lemanea in the Czech Republic. Of the four species Lemanea fluviatilis and L. torulosa appear to be well-defined but there are no clear differences between Paralemanea annulata and P. catenata. A survey of taxa and key to species are presented.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public