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2. Genderové nerovnosti v odměňování na stejné pracovní pozici: jeden z faktorů sociálního vyloučení žen
- Creator:
- Alena Křížková, Penner, Andrew M, and Petersen, Trond
- Format:
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- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gender, ženy, sociální vyloučení, diskriminace, trh práce, mzdy, women, social exclusion, discrimination, labor market, wages, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Using company-level data from the Czech Republic dating from the years 1998, 2002, and 2004, the article examines whether the introduction of legislative measures aimed at gender equality in connection with the country’s accession to the European Union had significant effects on gender wage gaps. The main conclusion of the analysis is that within-job wage discrimination is a significant factor in the Czech labour market and that there were no substantive changes during the period studied. Women doing the same job in the same company earn about 10 per cent less than men in the Czech Republic. Much of the gender wage gap can be explained by horizontal and vertical gender segregation of the labour market. The lowest gender wage gaps are found in firms and groups of employees that are representative of or have strong ties to the socialist past. The article concludes with speculations about whether motherhood and the double-burden of women, combined with the lack of respect and authority accorded the path dependent legal system, results in legislative changes having little impact on practices in Czech society and in persistence gender wage discrimination., Alena Křížková, Andrew M. Penner, Trond Petersen., 3 tabulky, and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Mateřství, rodina a práce z pohledu matek malých dětí
- Creator:
- Hana Maříková
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- Type:
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- Subject:
- mateřství, rodina, trh práce, rodičovská dovolená, gender, motherhood, family, labor market, parental leave, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- A structural look at the employment of women with young children shows that this group is marginalized in the labour market when it is unable or only with difficulty is able to find employment in the labour market, as the current labour market revolves around the principle of independent, fully flexible individuals unencumbered by any obligations outside work. What significance in their lives do these women ascribe to being mothers and what significance do they assign to work? How does the perception of the relationship between work and family influence how they define for themselves the combination of these two spheres of life? How does this group of women see their opportunities for finding work in the labour market? Answers to these questions were sought from an analysis of 29 semi-structured interviews carried out in 2006 with women on parental leave or women just returning to work from leave, who had taken a requalification course. Their view is the view from “below”, which is a legitimate one, but given that it mainly relates to their own experiences or the experiences of others in their social surroundings there may be limitations to it. The potential limitations in this view are pointed out in the article’s conclusion., Hana Maříková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Odraz nejistot, znevýhodnění a marginalizace na trhu práce v biografických výpovědích žen s nízkým vzděláním
- Creator:
- Lenka Formánková and Alena Křížková
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- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ženy, trh práce, nekvalifikovaná práce, diskriminace v zaměstnání, gender, biografická metoda, women, women and religion, labor market, unskilled labor, discrimination in employment, biography (research method), unskilled women, gendered labour-market segregation, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper addresses the problem of growing uncertainties in the Czech labour market over the past 20 years with regard to the specific conditions of unskilled women struggling to integrate their paid work and unpaid work. The economic uncertainties and growing levels of global competition in production increase pressure for a transformation and flexibilisation of workforce. Actors occupying marginalised positions in the labour market tend to have lower levels of social capital and lower levels of work experience and education. At the same time, these people, including mothers caring for young children, find it difficult to cope with the increasing pressure for productivity and flexibility. The socioeconomic marginalisation of unskilled mothers is further strengthened by measures of the state’s social policy. The analysis at hand is based on three biographic interviews on the work trajectories of women whose highest level of education is vocational or lower. A biographic approach makes it possible to analyse the impact of structural and institutional conditions and social and cultural processes on the work and life trajectories of respondents. Their testimonies reveal the mechanisms of gender discrimination, social exclusion and subordination that unskilled mothers have to face in their personal lives and careers, and the strategies and resources they employ in order to cope with their situation., Lenka Formánková, Alena Křížková., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Proměny časování a způsobu návratu matek do zaměstnání
- Creator:
- Hana Hašková
- Format:
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- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- mateřství, matky, mateřská dovolená, rodičovská dovolená, trh práce, gender, motherhood, mothers, maternal leave, parental leave, labor market, sociological research, sociologický výzkum, capabilities for work-life balance, refamilization, post-socialist context, 4, and 331
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In a European comparison, the Czech Republic is one of the countries where motherhood has the biggest negative impact on women’s employment participation. Some researchers explain this situation as resulting from Czech mothers’ preferences for a long-term interruption to their labour market participation. Others stress that preferences are structurally and culturally embedded and identify barriers to the return of Czech mothers to the labour market. In this article, the author first introduces a critique of the theories that focus on preferences in work-life balance studies. Second, inspired by the critique and based on a representative survey of the Czech adult population from 2010 focused on life course histories, the author analyses changes in the length of women’s employment interruptions caused by motherhood since the 1950s and describes the current refamilization model applied in Czech society. Subsequent analysis of biographical interviews with mothers of small children provides an insight into their decision-making about returning to the labour market, and the analysis also shows that statistical evidence of the increase in the economic inactivity of Czech mothers often relates to their involvement in unpaid or unofficially paid economic activities. These strategies are the result of their structurally and culturally constrained decision-making and limited opportunities to achieve work-life balance. At the end of the day, these factors strengthen long-term gender inequalities in the society., Hana Hašková., 3 tabulky, Poznámky na str. 39 (11), Biografická poznámka o autorce článku na str. 52, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Resumé o klíčová slova anglicky na str. 40
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Průvodce strategiemi genderové politiky: Stiegler, B., Michalitsch, G. Spravodlivosť v rodových vzťahoch. Aspekty rozdeľovanie (nielen) zdrojov
- Creator:
- Černá, Karolína
- Format:
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- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gender, ekonomika práce, trh práce, rozpočtová politika, finanční politika, diskriminace žen, labor economics, labor market, budgetary policy, financial policy, discrimination against women, gender equality, rovné postavení mužů a žen, 4, and 336.1/.5
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Karolína Černá., Poznámka na s. 108, and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Situace rodičů s dětmi do sedmi let na trhu práce podle výsledků Výběrového šetření pracovních sil
- Creator:
- Ondřej Hora
- Format:
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- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- rodičovství, rodiče, trh práce, zaměstnanost, gender, parenting, parents and children, labor market, employment, práce a rodina, work-life balance, 18, and 316.33
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article focuses on the situation of parents of children aged 0-7 in the Czech labour market according to findings from the Labour Force Survey in 2007. The author discusses the model of changes to the economic position of parents typical for the Czech Republic and shows that mainly mothers are affected by the interruption to labour market participation. They found a strong homogeneity of preferences for home care until a child reaches the age of 3, a fact that could also be influenced by structural/institutional conditions. Working mothers of smaller children are significantly at risk of unemployment and at risk of being required to work on a fixed-term contract, and they have a smaller chance of reaching management positions. Fathers are not affected as much by parenthood, but they are more at risk of having to working long hours and evenings. Some of the results (especially on mothers’ unemployment) require further research and political attention., Ondřej Hora., 2 grafy, 6 tabulky, and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Zpráva z konference Ženy a ekonomika
- Creator:
- Kateřina Cidlinská, Alice Červinková, and Ortenová, Alena
- Format:
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- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gender, rovnost příležitostí, ženy, feminismus, tržní ekonomika, trh práce, equal opportunity, women, feminism, market economy, labor market, financial crises, conferences, finanční krize, konference, 18, and 316.3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Kateřina Cidlinská, Alice Červinková, Alena Ortenová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public