The study examines the division of household labour in Czech families with underage children and gender differences in the extent and type of household activities. The paper discusses the different approaches to explaining the division of household labour as well as criticisms of these approaches. The neoclassical economic theory of rational choice, the relative resources theory, the time availability hypotheses, the gender ideology approach and the socialisation theories are presented. The theoretical part is followed by an analysis of data from sociological survey of the families with underage children. This survey confirmed that women's overall household labour time is far greater than men's. Men spent an average of 1,83 hours a day on housework, compared to an average of 4,1 hours each day for women. The number of hours spent on housework is mostly dependent on gender and income. Women do the majority of the household task (including preparing meals, washing, ironing, cleaning house and so on), men are mostly responsible for minor repairs.
Cílem výzkumu bylo zkoumat rozdíly v osobnosti a sociálních dovednostech u studentů exaktních a humanitních věd. Výzkumný soubor sestával z 93 studentů psychologie a 80 studentů aplikované matematiky a informatiky, kterým byla administrována česká verze NEO osobnostního inventáře (NEO-FFI) a český překlad Inventáře sociálních dovedností (SSI). Výsledky nasvědčují tomu, že studenti psychologie jsou otevřenější vůči novým zkušenostem a méně neurotičtí než studenti matematiky a informatiky. Studenti psychologie skórovali signifikantně výše ve škálách emoční senzitivity, sociální kontroly i v souhrnných škálách celkových emočních a sociálních dovedností. Studenti matematiky a informatiky měli významně vyšší skór ve škále sociální vnímavosti. Byly nalezeny také signifikantní rodové rozdíly: ženy skórovaly výše než muži zejména v senzitivitě a emoční expresivitě. Český překlad Inventáře sociálních dovedností se jeví jako užitečná výzkumná metoda.
Data on divorces are gathered by the Czech Statistical Office and thus widely accessible and well known, but much less information is available about the stability of unmarried cohabitations. This paper focuses on the differences between marriage and unmarried cohabitations in terms of their stability. The authors study the impact of various factors on the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations taking into account the different socio -demographic indicators. To explain this phenomenon they use various theoretical approaches emphasizing different factors of partnership instability (from socializing factors to premarital cohabitation, values, education and gender, to factors based on the theory of rational choice). The analysis identified factors that operate in the same manner within both marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. children in the partnership, experience with the previous partnership break-ups) as well as factors that play a different role in the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. education, duration of partnership, generation). The paper is based on quantitative data from the survey ‘Life-course 2010’, which included 4010 respondents. The authors used the event history approach in their analysis which enabled them to track the dependences of the variables in time., Marta Vohlídalová, Hana Maříková., 1 graf, 1 tabulka, Poznámky na str. 14-15 (14), Biografické poznámky o autorkách článku na str. 15, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Resumé o klíčová slova anglicky na str. 3
To determine whether a short-term change in dietary habits affects postprandial lipemia in men and women in the same way, postprandial triglyceridemia was measured in age- and BMI-matched young healthy men and women after two weeks on the self-selected low-fat low-cholesterol (LF) diet and after another two weeks on the self-selected high-fat high-cholesterol (HF) diet. After a standardized challenge meal (1.4 g fat/kg of body weight), men had higher postprandial triglyceridemia than women on the HF diet but no such difference was observed on the LF diet. The results of this preliminary study suggest that there may be important sex differences in the mechanisms regulating the postprandial lipemia response to different diets, women being able to adapt better to the HF diet with respect to postprandial lipemia., J. Kovář, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii