The municipal elections of 1919 and the parliamentary/senate elections of 1920 gave women their first opportunity to exercise their new right to vote, and as such were important milestones in the forming of women’s new status as equal citizens. The paper analyses election campaigns aimed at female voters in selected periodicals published by the Czech Catholic People’s Party in 1919 and 1920: the newspaper Lid (The People) and the newly established magazine Žena (Woman). It explores the main topics and strategies of the campaign and identifies the underlying concepts of women’s political interests and motivations. The main focus is on the magazine Žena and its attempts to reconcile traditional Catholic femininity and the ‘separate spheres’ model with women’s newfound status as political actors and to create a picture of a new, politically active Catholic woman for its readership.
"Damit sich kein Geschlecht verschmäht fühlte, nahm Gott die Gestalt eines Mannes an und ward von einer Frau geboren." Erforschung des Mittelalters durch das Genderprisma.
In East-Central Europe, Marxist humanism embodied one of the most promising theoretical developments of the 1960s. While respecting the unquestionable value of this intellectual current, this article highlights the contradiction between the emancipatory proclamations of humanist intellectuals and their reluctance to recognize certain prevalent forms of oppression. After comparing the humanist approach toward gender-structured themes in the former Czechoslovakia with the contrasting techno-optimist approach, the latter group is shown to have been more sensitive toward women’s issues. Th e article concludes that there was an intrinsic problem in Marxist humanist theory that contributed to this historical shortcoming in its emancipatory eff orts.
"Wann ich also ein müßiges Stündchen sahe, schrieb ich etwas zusammen." Das Werk von Justina Siegemund im Kontext der frühneuzeitlichen weiblichen naturwisseschaftlichen Schriften aus deutschsprachigen Gebieten.
The mobility of scientists that is the subject of this article is part of the broad scale of flows of people, objects, and knowledge in the contemporary world. These flows occur in multiple ways: from relocation and settlement in another country, to everyday pendulating mobility back and forth across boarders. In this article, the author is concerned with academic mobility and particularly mobility tied to long-term post-doctoral fellowships. She sets out to explore the gender dimension of long-term academic mobility and observe how scientists organise their professional and personal lives around movement between academic institutions. She argues that mobility at this stage of the academic trajectory involves the production of new (re)configurations of partnerships, while at the same time the fact of being in a partnership is constitutive for establishing an academic career., Alice Červinková., Téma: Feministická reflexe globalizace, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
In this paper we explore the impact of the economic recession of 2008 on gender inequality in the labour force in Central and Eastern European countries. We argue that job and occupational segregation protected women’s employment more than men’s in the CEE region as well, but unlike in more developed capitalist economies, women’s level of labour force participation declined and their rates of poverty increased during the crisis years. We also explore gender differences in opinions on the impact of the recession on people’s job satisfaction. For our analysis we use published data from EUROSTAT and our own calculations from EU SILC and ESS 2010., Beáta Nagy, Éva Fodor., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Despite various changes in academic institutions and the academic profession in last two decades (Shore 2008; Dunn 2003; Power 2003), the academic environment is still organized around the notion of a linear, uninterrupted career path (Murray 2000; Smithon and Stokoe 2005) culminating with the launch of one’s own lab. Rather than a remnant of previous organizing principles of science the linear notion of the academic career has been reordered and reinscribed in the recent science policy imaginary of the excellent career (Garforth, Červinková 2009). In light of the recent shifts in the organization of biosciences in the Czech Republic from dynastic to dynamic labs, the dominant ideologies of motherhood and the disembodied subject of the labour market, our goal in this paper is to contribute to feminist analyses of research careers and implications these recent shifts have in terms of the position of women- and especially mothers-bioscientists. Using the concept of enactment (Law 1994, Mol 2002) we examine the co-constitution of motherhood and research careers procesually, as a result of the effects of the gender order, science policy, family policy, institutional arrangements of research organizations and the personal. We wish to underscore the need for a complex study of research careers if we want to understand the nuanced ways in which gender is inscribed in careers in the biosciences., Marcela Linková, Alice Červinková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Western moral and political theorists have recently devoted considerable attention to the perceived victimisation of women by non-western cultures. In this paper, the author argues that conceiving injustice to poor women in poor countries primarily as a matter of their oppression by illiberal cultures presents an understanding of their situation that is crucially incomplete. This incomplete understanding distorts Western theorists’ comprehension of our moral relationship to women elsewhere in the world and so of our theoretical task. It also impoverishes our assumptions about the intercultural dialogue necessary to promote global justice for women., Alison M. Jaggar, and Anglické resumé
The paper discusses the history of the relation between feminist scholarship and cultural anthropology as two ways of thinking about culture and social relationships. It focuses in particular on the feminist critique of the anthropological theory and ethnographic research. In points out the different epistemological and political standpoints of feminism and anthropology as the sources of the tensioned relationship between these two traditions of thinking about culture.
Th e article reads the Czech literary canon during the period from 1948 to 1989 not from a consciously feminist standpoint, but from a gender perspective. Following works of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, and Wendy Brown, the article’s primary focus is on fi ction written by dissent and alternative writers, with an emphasis on their role in what the author calls “dispositives of silence,” consisting of the discursive emergence of silencing and the aff ective dimension of “injurious attachments.” Th e article holds that while the dissident and alternative literary scene’s opposition to the then-offi cial regime made the need for political opposition clearly visible to it, other issues, such as the drive towards gender equality, became invisible to it, which represents a case of injurious attachments. In the article’s interpretative part, it reads literary works by writers Iva Pekárková, Tereza Boučková, and Pavel Kohout as examples that illustrate the issue of injurious attachments. In the article’s fi nal part, it supplements its thesis on dissident and alternative literature of the 1948–1989 period with a brief sketch of the literary evolution during the period, and it presents an overview of fi ve major – and partly contradictory – tendencies that can be identifi ed in the four decades in question.
Článok poukazuje na často nereflektované nedostatky diagnostických nástrojov používaných pri štúdiu gendrovej identity. Pozornosť je venovaná predovšetkým vzniku a konštrukčným obmedzeniam najrozšírenejšieho nástroja používaného pre tento účel - Bem Sex Role Inventory. Jeho využitie je založené na eoretických predpokladoch, ktoré nikdy neboli úspešne empiricky overené. Hoci jeho kritika bola v tomto duchu formulovaná už pred 30 rokmi, dodnes sa táto nevalidná technika používa v rade aktuálnych výskumov. V druhej časti článku sú predstavené alternatívne techniky merania gendrovej identity založené na diskriminačnej analýze a teste implicitných asociácií., The paper highlights the often not reflected weaknesses of diagnostic tools used in the study of masculinity and feminity. Attention is paid mainly to structural limitations of the tool most widely used for this purpose - Bem Sex Role Inventory. Its use is based on theoretical assumptions that have never been successfully empirically verified. Although criticism of Bem Sex Role Inventory has been formulated more than 30 years ago, this technique is still used in a number of recent studies. In the second part alternative measurement techniques are presented. These are based on discriminant analysis and the implicit association test., Marek Vranka., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy