Joints significantly reduce rock cohesion compared to unfractured rock, but the question is what effect the possible anisotropy of the shear strength of different types of rupture has on possible subsequent failure. Both natural samples of granodiorite with natural joints and fault surfaces and gypsum models have been tested on the Matest A129 Rock shear box apparatus. The shear strength of preexisting ruptures was measured under a fixed normal stress component. The anisotropy of the shear strength of the joints and fault surfaces reached more than 60 % of maximum strength, which is a very important value for solving structural loads. The shear strength was analyzed with polar plots. The pattern of the real joints typically showed a teardrop shape with one peak of strength in a certain direction and a minimum in the opposite direction. On the contrary, striated fault surfaces are characterized by two axial directions of minimal shear strength, i.e., longitudinal and transverse, and by two axial oblique directions with maximal shear strength, so the strength distribution in the polar graph has a four-cornered shape. The study showed that the anisotropy of the shear strength of various types of ruptures is their important feature.
Miroslav Šlouf of the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of the czech Republic is interviewed concerning his research activities in this issue. More than 25,000 of total joint replacements of big human joints, such as hip, knee, elbow ets., are implanted every year in the Czech Republic. The bearing surface in the joint replacement is usually made of a special polymer - ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). This contribution describes the development of novel UHMWPE types, which should increase the lifetime of artificial joints. Czech scientists of the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry collaborate on this unique research and its applications with Czech company Beznoska. and Marina Hužvárová.