Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody representing a novel therapy of osteoporosis. Contrary to always other antiosteoporotic drugs, it is not contraindicated in advanced chronic kidney disease, as its pharmacokinetic does not differ from patients with normal kidney function. However, published case reports in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients stopped the therapy after single dose because of hypocalcemia. We present a case of successful treatment of osteoporosis in a young hemodialysis patient with repeated denosumab doses. and Sylvie Dusilová Sulková, Jiří Horáček, Roman Šafránek, Petr Gorun, Ondřej Viklický, Vladimír Palička
Funkční hypotalamická amenorea (FHA) je vedle gravidity a syndromu polycystických ovarií nejčastější formou sekundární amenorey. FHA je důsledkem poruch v pulzní sekreci gonadoliberinu (GnRH), které pak vedou k poruše sekrece gonadotropinů FSH a LH. FHA je obranou organizmu v situacích ohrožujících životní funkce, které jsou chráněny pak přednostně před funkcí rozmnožovací. FHA je reverzibilní, po ukončení extrémní zátěže se zvolna sama může upravit. Uvádějí se 3 hlavní typy funkční amenorey: FHA se vztahem k úbytku hmotnosti, FHA v důsledku stresu a se vztahem k nadměrnému fyzickému výkonu. Konečným výsledkem jsou komplexní hormonální změny charakterizované hlubokou hypoestrogenemií. Vedle nízkých estrogenů tyto pacientky mají mírnou hyperkortizolemii, nízké hladiny inzulinu v séru, nízký IGF1 a nízký celkový trijodtyronin. Zdraví těchto žen je ohroženo ve více směrech, včetně stavu kostí, kardiovaskulárního systému a stavu mentálních funkcí. Pacientky mají sníženou kostní denzitu a jsou pak ohroženy zvýšeným rizikem fraktur. Osteopenie a osteoporóza jsou hlavní dlouhodobou komplikací FHA. Kardiovaskulární komplikace spočívají v dysfunkci endotelu a změnách v lipidogramu. Pacientky s funkční hypotalamickou amenoreou trpí častěji depresemi a úzkostmi a také problémy v sexuální oblasti než zdravé ženy., Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) besides pregnancy and syndrome of polycystic ovary is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea. FHA results from the aberrations in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which in turn causes impairment of the gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone). FHA is a form of the defence of organism in situations where life functions are more important than reproductive function. FHA is reversible; it can be normalized after ceasing the stress situation. There are three types of FHA: weight loss related, stress-related, and exercise-related amenorrhea. The final consequences are complex hormonal changes manifested by profound hypoestrogenism. Additionally, these patients present mild hypercortisolemia, low serum insulin levels, low insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and low total triiodothyronine. Women’s health in this disorder is disturbed in several aspects including the skeletal system, cardiovascular system, and mental problems. Patients manifest a decrease in bone mass density, which is related to an increase in fracture risk. Therefore, osteopenia and osteoporosis are the main long-term complications of FHA. Cardiovascular complications include endothelial dysfunction and abnormal changes in the lipid profile. FHA patients present significantly higher depression and anxiety and also sexual problems compared to healthy subjects., and Luboslav Stárka, Michaela Dušková
The aim of the study was to establish the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), its influence on biochemical and densitometric parameters and the relation to diabetic nephropathy. 58 children with T1D at the age 9–19 years were enrolled to the study. Vitamin D concentration less than 30 ng/ml was considered as insufficient. 37 children (63.79%) had vitamin D level under 30 ng/ml, from these 19 subjects (32.7%) had vitamin D level under 20 ng/ml and 2 subjects (3.44%) under 10 ng/ml. Children with vitamin D deficiency had significantly lower magnesium concentration and lower Z score of lumbar spine (−1.34 ± 1.24 vs. −0.30 ± 1.21, p = 0.01) compared to diabetics with sufficient vitamin D concentration. No significant difference was found in parameters calcium, phosphorus or glycosylated hemoglobin. Patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 18) showed no significant difference in vitamin D, glycosylated hemoglobin or Z score of lumbar spine compared to the patients without nephropathy (n = 40). Subjects with nephropathy had significantly longer diabetes duration, significantly higher cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentration. In our cohort of patients nearly two thirds of children had insufficient vitamin D concentration what supports the need to monitor and eventually supplement vitamin D in T1D subjects., Jarmila Vojtková, Miriam Čiljaková, Lenka Vojarová, Katarína Janíková, Zuzana Michnová, Veronika Šagiová, and Literatura 35