Úvod: Jedná se o retrospektivní analýzu souboru nemocných s mnohočetným myelomem ošetřených ve FN Hradec Králové v období od 1/2007 do 6/2010 pomocí perkutánní vertebroplastiky. Materiál a metodika: U 13 nemocných (3 muži a 10 žen), medián věku 65 let, bylo celkem ošetřeno 18 obratlových těl v oblasti thorakolumbální páteře. Sledovali jsme bolesti pomocí VAS (visual analoque scale), četnost komplikací, funkční výstup nemocných (stejný, zlepšený, zhoršený) a spotřebu analgetik (zvýšená, stejná, snížená). Nemocní byli ošetření na angiografickém kompletu transpedikulárním či posterolaterálním přístupem. Výsledky: Provedení perkutánní vertebroplastiky mělo statisticky významný vliv na pokles bolesti po výkonu (p = 0,002). Přitom jsme neprokázali žádnou symptomatickou komplikaci, k asymptomatickému úniku kostního cementu mimo obratlové tělo došlo u 11 % nemocných. Zlepšení úrovně života udávalo 100 % nemocných. Snížení spotřeby analgetik jsme prokázali u 92 % nemocných a u zbývajících 8 % zůstala spotřeba analgetik stejná. Závěr: Perkutánní vertebroplastika je miniinvazivní zákrok s minimem komplikací a rychlým nástupem analgetického efektu u nemocného., Introduction: We present retrospective analysis of a group of patients with multiple myeloma treated in FN Hradec Králové from 1/2007 to 6/2010 by percutaneous vertebroplasty. Material and methods: A total of 18 vertebral bodies were treated in thoracolumbar spine region in 13 patients (3 men and 10 women), median age of 65 years. We watched the pain using the VAS (visual analoque scale), frequency of complications, functional outcome of patients (same, improved, worsened) and consumption of analgetics (increased, same, decreased). Patiens were treated at angiographic suit using transpedicular or posterolateral access. Results: Vertebroplasty has a statistically significant effect on the pain relief after procedure (p = 0,002). We didn´t find symptomatic complications, asymptomatic leakage of bone cement outside the vertebral body was observed in 11 % of patients. Improving the standard of living was reported by 100 % of patients. Reducing consumption of analgetics has been confirmed in 92 % and 8 % of patients remained the same consumption of analgetics. Conclusion: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure with minimum of complications and rapid onset of analgetic effect in patients., Pavel Ryška, Vladimír Maisnar, Václav Málek, Tomáš Kvasnička, Jiří Jandura, Eva Štěpánová, Jana Hrubešová, Svatopluk Řehák, and Lit.: 39
In the department of coloproctology of NORC MH RUz 17 patients with disseminated forms of colorectal cancer was made the study of oncogenes and complex treatment by 2 protocols using FOLFOX4 regime and FOLFIRI regime. In second protocol there used 2 sessions of endolymphatical polychemotherapy FOLFOX4 regime against EHFhyperthermia. All patients were performed additional investigations directed to study the presence of multiple drug resistance in them where definition of р53, bcl2 oncogene expression. In our observations we followed resistance to FOLFOX4 scheme in 4 patients, and to FOLFIRI scheme in 2 cases. In our studies hyperexpression of oncoproteine р53 was correlated with the effect of conducted therapy whereas hyperexpr, Navruzov S. N., Abdujapparov S. B., Pulatov D. A., Islamov H. D., Matniyazova Sh. Ya., Akbarov E. T., and Literatura
Cíl studie: Perzistující foramen ovale (PFO) je velmi často doprovázeno neurologickými komplikacemi (migrénou), ale patofyziologie tohoto vztahu není dosud zcela vyjasněna. Jedna z hypotéz popisuje významnou roli serotoninu v patofyziologii neurologických komplikací. Serotonin může pravolevým zkratem přes PFO pronikat do arteriální krve a vyvolat migrenózní ataku. Cílem studie bylo potvrdit hypotézu, že 24 hodin po perkutánním uzávěru PFO klesají hladiny serotoninu v arteriální krvi. Materiál a metody: U 8 pacientů s PFO byly odebrány vzorky venózní a arteriální krve na stanovení serotoninu před operací, během operace a 24 hodin po operaci. Hladiny serotoninu u pacientů i v kontrolní skupině byly stanoveny pomocí enzymové imunoanalýzy (EIA, Immunotech). Výsledky: Byly stanoveny následující koncentrace serotoninu ve venózní a arteriální krvi (mean ± SD): kontrolní skupina 906 ± 229,4 nmol/l, venózní krev před operací: 126 ± 69,6 nmol/l, venózní krev odebraná z centrálního žilního katétru: 182 ± 59 nmol/l, venózní krev po operaci: 140 ± 40 nmol/l, arteriální krev před operací: 165± 25 nmol/l, arteriální krev během operace: 182 ± 44 nmol/l, arteriální krev po operaci: 130 ± 36 nmol/l. Závěr: Přímé stanovení hladin serotoninu u pacientů před perkutánním uzávěrem PFO a po něm je po eliminaci možných preanalytických chyb vhodným analytickým nástrojem pro studium změn serotoninu po uzávěru PFO. Výsledky ukazují pokles hladin arteriálního serotoninu během 24 hodin po operaci., Objective: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with improvement of migraine headache. Tissues-borne serotonin bypassing the metabolic active pulmonary circulation through the PFO is the proposed trigger of migraine attacks in susceptible patients. Therefore a hypothetical decrease of arterial serotonin levels after PFO closure might explain the migraine improvement. Aim of the study: Aim of the study was the investigation of suitability of direct serotonin assay in venous and arterial blood in patients undergoing percutaneous PFO closure for further studying the mechanism of migraine improvement after PFO closure. Materials and methods: Arterial and venous serum serotonin levels were investigated in eight patients undergoing correctional surgery operation. The samples were collected as follows: Venous and arterial blood before operation, arterial blood during operation, venous sample from right atrial central catheter and then peripheral venous and arterial sample 24 hours after the operation. Serotonin levels were investigated in control group of 6 healthy patients. Serotonin was measured by commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Immunotech). Results: The results (mean ± SD) were as follows: Control group: 906.0 ± 229.4 nmol/l, Venous blood before the operation: 126.0 ± 69.6 nmol/l, venous blood after the operation: 140 ± 40 nmol/l, arterial blood before the operation: 165± 25 nmol/l, arterial blood during operation: 182 ± 44 nmol/l, arterial blood after the operation: 130 ± 36 nmol/l. Conclusion: Direct assay of serotonin with commercially available EIA is suitable for studying changes of serotonin levels after PFO closure. Our preliminary results support the theory of the decrease of arterial blood levels of serotonin after PFO closure., Šramko M., Kotaška K., Veselka J., Linhartová K., Průša R., and Lit.: 14
Purpose: To investigate the protective action of Ceruloplasmin (Cp) on the lysis of erythrocytes in men with prostate tumors. Material and Methods: The blood erythrocytes of the patients with benign hyperplasia of prostate (BHP) and prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) were studied. Patients at the age 60-75 with early stages of a cancer have been investigated. The control group was consisted of apparently healthy males with the compatible age. n=15 for each group. The clinical stage of the disease was diagnosed by means of rectal, histological and echographic examination of the prostate gland. Photometric methods were applied to register lysis dynamics in order to test out the protective action of Cp. Results: The nonspecific protective function of Cp preparation on BHP and CaP erythrocytes as well as on the control group erythrocytes was revealed. CaP erythrocytes have shown more sensitivity to the lysis provocative factor than BHP and the control group erythrocytes, that was presumably attributed to the structural and functional changes of the erythrocytes developed in the presence of malignant tumor., N. Kotrikadze, M. Zibzibadze, L. Ramishvili, M. Alibegashvili., T. Chigogidze, L. Managadze, and Literatura
Cíl. Pseudomyxom peritonea je velmi vzácné semimaligní onemocnění. Záměrem našeho sdělení je pojednání o typickém nálezu, možnostech léčby a komplikacích. Metoda. Nedávné případy z našeho pracoviště ilustrují patognomické znaky nemoci v CT obrazu, obvyklý klinický nález, průběh onemocnění i svízelnost jeho léčby. Ve dvou našich kazuistikách je příčinou pseudomyxomu peritonea mucinózní cystadenom appendixu, v jednom appendikální low grade cystadenokarcinom, v posledním případě mucinózní cystadenokarcinom neznámého původu. U prvního pacienta se navíc objevila raritní komplikace - metastatická ložiska intrathorakálně. Závěr. Pseudomyxom peritonea je klinický syndrom, který je způsoben excesivní produkcí gelatinózního ascitu buňkami mucinózního cystadenomu či cystadenokarcinomu různého původu, nejčastěji se však jedná o tumory appendixu. Typický morfologický nález v zobrazovacích metodách určuje jejich významné místo v diagnostice, stagingu a monitorování výsledků léčby pseudomyxomu., Aim. Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an uncommon semimalignous disease. The aim of our statement is the discussion about the typical finding, the possibilities of treatment and complications. Method. The recent findings from our workplace illustrate pathological signs of the disease on CT-scan, usual clinical finding, the progression of the disease and the arduous of its treatment. In two of our cases is the cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix, in one low grade mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and in the last case the mucinuos cystadenoma of unknown origin. There has appeared by the first patient a rare complication - intrathoracic implants lesions. Conclusion. Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a clinical syndrome that is caused by the excessive production of gelatinous ascites cells mucinous cystadenoma or cystadeno-karcinoma of different origin, but mostly these are the cases of appendix tumors. The typical morphological found in the imaginig methods determines their important place in the diagnostics, staging and the monitoring of the results of the treatment of pseudomyxoma., Žáčik M, Kacvinská T, Pernická B, Pospíšková M, Palíšek J., and Literatura 12
Pacienti s metastatickým kolorektálním karcinomem (mKRK) by měli v průběhu své léčby obdržet všech pět látek účinných u tohoto onemocnění. Tyto látky se skládají ze tří chemoterapeutik: 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV), irinotecan, oxaliplatina a dvou monoklonálních protilátek: bevacizumab namířený proti vaskulárnímu endoteliálnímu růstovému faktoru a inhibitor epidermálního růstového faktoru cetuximab nebo panitumumab. Léčebné možnosti třetí linie závisí na tom, jaké látky byly použity v předchozí terapii. U pacientů předléčených 5-FU, oxaliplatinou a irinotecanem představuje léčba kombinací cetuximab a irinotecan atraktivní možnost., Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) should receive all five drugs active in this disease during the overall course of their treatment. These drugs consist of three chemotherapeutic agents: 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV), irinotecan and oxaliplatin and two monoclonal antibody: bevacizumab directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor and the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab or panitumumab. Treatment options for third-line therapy depend on what agents have been used in previous therapy. In patients with prior treatment with 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, treatment with the combination of cetuximab and irinotecan is an attractive option., Ilona Kocáková, and Lit.: 6
Česká republika patří celosvětově mezi země s nejvyšším výskytem kolorektálního karcinomu (KRK), jehož incidence však mezi českými kraji není distribuována rovnoměrně. Ve všech epidemiologických ukazatelích (incidence, mortalita i prevalence) tohoto maligního onemocnění dominuje Plzeňský kraj. Vzhledem k prodlužování průměrné délky života vzrostl v posledním desetiletí podíl KRK jako druhého metachronního primárního maligního onemocnění. V roce 2000 byl zahájen Národní program screeningu KRK, který t. č. nabízí asymptomatickým jedincům starším 50 let možnost výběru ze dvou screeningových metod (testy na okultní krvácení a primární screeningová kolonoskopie). Od roku 2006 bylo v rámci screeningu kolonoskopicky vyšetřeno 57 255 osob, u 17 760 (31,0 %) z nich byly diagnostikovány a odstraněny adenomové polypy a u 2 665 (4,7 %) byl nalezen karcinom., The Czech Republic belongs to the countries with highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence worldwide which differs in regions of this country. The Pilsner region stands out in all epidemiologic features (incidence, mortality, prevalence). The proportion of CRC as the second metachronous primary malignant disease has increased in past ten years, due to the elongation of life expectancy. The National colorectal cancer screening programme was launched in year 2000. Nowadays two screening methods (fecal occult glood tests and primary screening colonoscopy) are offered to asymptomatic individuals aged over 57 255 people have been examined by colonoscopy since year 2006. Adenomas were removed in 17 760 of them (31.0 %) and cancer was diagnosed in 2 665 (4.7 %) individuals., Miroslav Zavoral, Štěpán Suchánek, Gabriela Vepřeková, Ondřej Májek, Jakub Gregor, Ladislav Dušek, and Lit.: 13
The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to sphincterpreserving operation in lowerampullar cancer of rectum. The Materials and methods: In coloproctological branch of National Oncological Scientific centre (NOSC) in 20052009 years 142 patients were performed radical operations, 64 (45,1%) patients were performed sphincterpreserving operations abdominoanal resection of rectum (AARR), medium age of patients 59,8 years, beside 78 (54,9%) patients were performed abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (APER), medium age 54,2 years. The Results: Studied results of the morphological research of removed preparation by histological structure of tumors and by form of the growing, depending on locations of the tumors on toothed line. The remote postoperative results studied beside 51 (79,7%) patient with AARR and beside 63 (80,1%) patients with APER. The Findings: sphincterpreserving operations (SPO) of the rectum can be the operation of the choice in treatment of high differentiated adenocarcinoma (HDA) and medium differentiated adenocarcinoma (MDA) in stages T23 in localization of the lower pole of tumors, not below 1 centimeter of toothed line (TL) and carries combined character, in location of the lower edge of tumors on toothed line in patients with HDA MDA in 4% and 2,2% cases are shown that completing intrasphincternal resections of rectum, in connection with particular aggressiveness LDA question about choice of the method of the treatment under their localizations directly on TL must be solved in favour of complete APER, in exophytic tumor located onto and above TL is indication for sphincterpreserving operation in type of AARR, indices recurrencefree and not metastatic period, oneyear deathrate, threeyear survivability after SPO at inferior ampular cancer of rectum has not an essential distinction from results after APER., A. M. Hakimov, H. B. Bobokulov, and Literatura
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and painful spasms. Misdiagnosis may occur due to the fact that the clinical picture of SPS is often atypical. The main pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the development of SPS is insufficient inhibition at the cortical and spinal levels. There is good evidence for a primary autoimmune etiology. A 61-year-old man was admitted to a neurological department due to muscle hypertonia with episodic attacks of painful spasms predominantly affecting axial muscles. The symptoms developed shortly after tickborne meningoencephalitis. Electromyography (EMG) revealed signs of continuous motor unit activity. Antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (anti-GAD) were highly elevated. We present a case of a man who developed clinically severe anti-GAD positive SPS, provoked by tick-borne encephalitis. After therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) a rapid, temporary improvement of the clinical and neurophysiological findings was noted. Only after being placed on long-term immunosuppression did the patient achieve stable recovery. This case supports the importance of EMG findings and demonstrates the effect of TPE as well as the need for chronic immunosuppression in severe cases of SPS., Edvard Ehler, Jan Latta, Petra Mandysová, Jana Havlasová, Milan Mrklovský, and Literatura 22
The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to, combined operation in locally invasive tumor of the rectum. The Material and methods of the study: we have analysed results combined operation in cancer of the rectum with germination in genital organs, performed in department of coloproctology in National Oncological Scientific centre during 20052009 years. Under observation were 118 women at age from 21 to 68 years. This before 45 years 26 patients, from 46 to 59 years 54 patients, 60 and above years. The Results and their discussion: Postoperative complications suppurativeinflammatory character appeared beside 36 patients (30,5%), most of all after abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (35,5%) and abdominoanal resection of the rectum (33,3%). In lesser extend after front resection of the rectum and after operation Hartman (28,5% and 22,7%). The General lethality has formed 3,4%, have died after combined operation 4 patients from 118 operated patients. The Conclusion: thereby, brought data evident that such important factors, as frequency of the origin relapse (28%), 5year probability of survival (37,1%), under combined interference and operation of the standard volume in the cancer of the rectum practically the same., H. B. Bobokulov, A. M. Hakimov, and Literatura