Data collection has been done by the means of Sketch Engine program.
Data were extrapolated from the annotated English web corpus enTenTen20.
Data collection and analysis has been done during the period of two months: April and May 2023.
Recently, the enTenTen20 corpus has been updated to a newer version - enTenTen21. Nevertheless, the older version is still available, can be worked on and can be compared with the newer one. It has been noticed that the differences between the two versions of the English web corpus did not affect the results of this study. The only apparent difference was seen in slightly different numbers in frequency values for specific collocations. This was expected since the older version of web corpus consists of 36 billion words, while the new version counts 52 billion words. On the other hand, as noted above, these frequency deviations were not significant enough to refute the hypotheses. They have rather confirmed them once again.
This study is one of the results of work on a larger scientific-research project called "Metaphorical collocations - syntagmatic relations between semantics and pragmatics". More information about the project is available on the following link: https://metakol.uniri.hr/en/opis-projekta/
The study has been financed by the Croatian science foundation.
Working with the data/replicating the study:
Data collected for the purposes of this study is available in CSV format.
Data for each gustatory adjective (collocate) is presented in a separate CSV file.
Upon opening each file, stretch the borders of every column for better visibility of data.
Tables show different collocational bases (nouns) which are found in the corpus, in combination with a specific gustatory adjective, their collocate.
These nouns are listed by their score number (The Mutual Information score expresses the extent to which words co-occur compared to the number of times they appear separately).
Tables show what type of mapping is present in a certain collocation (e.g., intra-modal or cross-modal).
Tables show what type of meaning or cognitive process is working in the background of the meaning formation (e.g., metonymic or metaphoric).
For every analyzed collocation, we provided a contextualized example of its use from the corpus, along with the hyperlink where it can be found.
The term substitution refers to the process during which situational actants selected by a verb are substituted by expressions with non-situational meaning. In the paper, the investigation of substitution processes is focused on two groups of verbal units: (i) phase verbs with inceptive meaning which enable the substitution of object actants and (ii) psychological verbs of two types: (a) type trápiť ‘worry’, and (b) type mrzieť ‘feel sorry for sth.’ which enable the substitutions of subject actants. On the basis of corpus data, collocational preferences are stipulated for phase verbs with inceptive meaning and a collostructional analysis is used to calculate the mutual attraction of substituted non-situational nouns and the given type of microconstruction in order to build up a detailed picture of correlation between corpus frequencies and degrees of entrenchment concerning the various semantic groups of nouns. At the same time, cognitive and pragmatic (contextual) factors determining the interpretation of sentence structure with substituted actants are closely investigated. On the other hand, the corpus data reveal that no such attractions can be specified within the group of psychological verbs, which shows that in the case of these verbal units, substitution is better described in terms of a pragmatic process. and Im Beitrag werden die Substitutionsprozesse der Situationsaktanten im Slowakischen behandelt. Der Begriff Substitution bezeichnet einen Prozess, infolgedessen ein durch ein Verb selektierter Situationsaktant durch einen Ausdruck ohne situative Bedeutung ersetzt wird. In unserer Studie werden zwei Klassen von Verbeinheiten untersucht: Phasenverben mit einer inzeptiven Bedeutung, die die Substitutionen der Objektaktanten ermöglichen, und psychologische Verben in zweierlei Gestalt (i) trápiť ‚quälen‘ und (ii) mrzieť ‚reuen‘, die eine Substitutin der Subjektaktanten ermöglichen. Auf Grund der Korpusdaten wird eine Reihe von verbalen Einheiten mit inzeptiver Semantik definiert, die die Substitutionsprozesse durchführen, sowie eine Reihe von Substantiven, die im Rahmen der relevanten Konstruktionen die Situationsaktanten ersetzen. Mittels der kollostruktionalen Analyse wird anschließend die gegenseitige Attraktivität des Nicht-Situationsaktanten und der betreffenden Phase einer Mikrokonstruktion ermittelt. In dieser Studie werden zudem die semantischen und pragmatischen Faktoren definiert, die die Interpretation der Satzstruktur mit substituierten Aktanten determinieren. In der Gruppe der psychologischen Verben werden die Faktoren analysiert, die die Differenzierung von unbeabsichtigter Kausalität und substituierter Struktur bestimmen.
The article discusses the theoretical and methodological considerations as well as the partical application of two incarnations of the rhetorical turn in socio-cultural anthropology. Rhetorical turn is understood as a linguistic and constructivist turn, which marks a substantial part of contemporary thinking in the social sciences and humanities.