Akutní lymfoblastická leukemie (ALL) tvoří jednu čtvrtinu dětských nádorů a je tak nejčastějším maligním nádorovým onemocněním v dětském věku. Jedná se o heterogenní onemocnění, jehož biologie je odlišná od ALL dospělých. Medián věku při diagnóze dětské ALL je 5 let, nejčastějšími chromozomálními abnormitami jsou fúzní gen TEL-AML a hyperdiploidie nad 50 chromozomů. Pravděpodobnost přežití bez selhání (EFS) je při aplikaci kombinované chemoterapie lišící se dle rizika nepříznivého průběhu více než 75 % a pravděpodobnost vyléčení je 85 %. Relaps postihuje 15–20 % dětí s ALL a v jeho léčbě hraje významnou roli transplantace kostní dřeně. Akutní myeloidní leukemie (AML) tvoří 15 % leukemií v dětství. Nejčastějším genetickým podtypem AML je monocytární leukemie s přestavbou MLL genu na dlouhém raménku 11. chromozomu (20–25 % dětí s AML), která má intermediární prognózu. Prognosticky příznivé podtypy akutní promyelocytární leukemie s t (15; 17), myeloidní leukemie s t (8; 21) a myelomonocytární leukemie s inv (16) se nachází u 30–40 % dětí s AML s šancí na vyléčení 70 %. Celkové výsledky léčby AML se u dětí stále zlepšují s šancí na dosažení remise více než 90 % a pravděpodobností přežití více než 60 %., Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents 25 % of childhood tumors being the most frequent childhood cancer. ALL is a heterogeneous disease, biologically different from the same disease in adults. Median age at diagnosis is 5 years, the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities are fusion gene TEL-AML1 and hyperdiploidy over 50 chromosomes. Event-free-survival is over 75 % and overall survival 85 % in children treated with combined chemotherapy intensified according to the risk group. The incidence of relapse is 15–20 % and bone marrow transplantation is the important treatment modality in such situation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents 15 % of childhood leukemias. The most frequent genetic subtype is monocytic leukemia with MLL rearrangement at the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q23) (20–25 % of all AML) with intermediate prognosis. Subtypes with good prognosis – acute promyelocytic leukemia with t (15; 17), myeloid leukemia with t (8; 21) and myelomonocytic leukemia with inv (16) represent 30–40 % of AML with overall survival 70 %. Total treatment results are steadily improving with a chance to achieve remission over 90 % and overall survival over 60 %., Jan Starý, and Lit.: 20
At the analysis of clinical efficiency of differential therapy in the patients with AP with BO the type vegetative nervous system is defined. In the patients with hypersympathicotonic VR (group II) and asympathycotonic VR (III group) during differential treatment there was noted reduction in duration of dyspnea, pulmonary cyanosis, moist pulmonary rales . In the patients with AP with BO alongside with changes biochemical, immune and vegetative status there was found wrong attitude of the family to the child, and also the psychological behavioral deviations in the child as increased anxiety, aggression; on a background of complex therapy were performed psychological correctional methods of treatment: musictherapy, psychogymnastics, game exercises. At catamnestic observation within one year of 40 children who have received on a background of other methods of treatment psychocorrection, repeated bronchial obstruction was observed only at 15 % observable children. In control group already through 3 months 45 % of children have addressed with repeated episodes BO at pneumonia and bronchitis., M. M. Khaidarova, and Literatura
Background. Nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle are of the complex pathology of the elbow joint, occurring relatively often and resulting in disability of children. The treatment of nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus remains controversial. Purpose of this report was improvement of the results of surgical treatment of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus with use of differential approach to the surgical strategy. Material and methods. We were observing 28 children (17 boys and 11 girls) with nonunion and longstanding nonunion of lateral condyle of humerus, with various degrees of severity. There were used MRI and Xray investigations for differential study of the patients divided into 3 groups in relation to stability and nonstability of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus of the lateral humeral condyle of humerus with cubitus valgus. Results. All 28 patients lateral humeral condyle nonunions with cubitus valgus achieved union within sixty five days after operative procedure using Ilisarovs technique. The mean postoperative humerusulna angle was 6,0 degrees of cubitus valgus. All of reverse Tosteothomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively. The mean duration of followup was 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 15(53,5%) patients, good in 11(39,3%) patients, and fair in 2(7,2%) patients. All 28 patients lateral humeral condyle nonunions with cubitus valgus achieved union within sixty five days after operative procedure using Ilisarovs technique. The mean postoperative humerusulna angle was 6,0 degrees of cubitus valgus. All of reverse Tosteothomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively. The mean duration of followup was 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 15(53,5%) patients, good in 11(39,3%) patients, and fair in 2(7,2%) patients. Conclusion. We believe it is reasonable to use our treatment method when dealing with nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle with cubitus valgus. These differential techniques helps to shape the distal part of humerus, thus, restoring the function of the elbow joint., Ilkhom E. Khujanazarov, Iskandar U. Khodjanov, and Literatura