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12. Macroparasites and their communities of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) in the Czech Republic

Creator:
František Moravec and Tomáš Scholz
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitické organismy, ryby, druhová rozmanitost, parasitic organisms, fishes, species diversity, Labe (Česko a Německo : řeka : povodí), Dunaj (řeka : povodí), Odra (řeka : povodí), Evropa střední, Elbe River Basin (Czechia and Germany), Danube River Basin, Odra River Basin, Europe, Central, parasite fauna, host specificity, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
This paper summarises the results of parasitological examinations of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) in the Czech Republic, carried out at the Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences (previously the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) within the period of 50 years (1958-2008). Even though this survey is limited to the Czech Republic, it provides extensive data probably incomparable with any other study anywhere regarding the number of eels examined and parasites found. A total of 723 eels was examined from 42 localities that belong to all of the three main river drainage systems in the country, i.e. the Elbe, Danube and Oder river basins. Of the 31 species of adult and larval macroparasites including Monogenea (4 species), Trematoda (3), Cestoda (3), Nematoda (11), Acanthocephala (5), Hirudinea (1), Bivalvia (1), Copepoda (1), Branchiura (1) and Acariformes (1), most of them (30) were recorded from the Elbe River basin. These parasites can be divided into three main groups regarding their host specificity: parasites specific for eels (26%), non-specific adult parasites occurring also in other fishes (61%) and non-specific larvae (13%). The highest number (19) of parasite species was recorded in the Mácha Lake fishpond system in northern Bohemia. The parasite communities in eels from the individual localities exhibited large differences in their species composition and diversity depending on local ecological conditions. The parasite fauna of A. anguilla in the Czech Republic is compared with that in other European countries. The nematode Cucullanus egyptae Abdel-Ghaffar, Bashtar, Abdel-Gaber, Morsy, Mehlhorn, Al Quraishy et Mohammed, 2014 is designated as a species inquirenda., František Moravec, Tomáš Scholz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

13. Mikroskopické houby a parazitické hlístice k hubení mandelinky bramborové

Creator:
Rostislav Zemek, Vladimír Půža, and Oxana Habuštová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, mikromycety, parazitické organismy, mandelinka bramborová, microfungi, parasitic organisms, colorado potato beetle, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Mandelinka bramborová je v našich podmínkách nejrozšířenějším a nejznámějším hmyzím škůdcem, který způsobuje velké ekonomické škody zejména na porostech brambor tím, že larvy spolu s dospělými brouky redukují listovou plochu a v některých případech mohou způsobit i holožír. Její původní oblastí výskytu je Severní Amerika. Na našem kontinentu se poprvé objevila v roce 1922 ve Francii a do konce dvacátého století se stala problémem v celé Evropě, Malé Asii, Iránu, Centrální Asii a západní Číně. Na české území dorazila v 50. letech a její invaze okamžitě nabrala podobu kalamity. V důsledku intenzivního používání insekticidů si mandelinka postupně vytvořila rezistenci k většině přípravků a její regulace je tak v současné době značně obtížná. Kromě využití stále diskutovaných geneticky modifikovaných plodin se jako perspektivní řešení problému rezistence škůdce jeví vývoj metod biologické ochrany rostlin za pomoci přirozených patogenních organismů, které napadají hmyz., Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, when applied alone or combined with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. The results revealed that the simultaneous application of the fungus with the nematodes increased the mortality of L. decemlineata larvae up to 98% and shortened the median lethal time to two days., and Rostislav Zemek, Vladimír Půža a Oxana Skoková Habuštová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

14. Molecular phylogenetic confirmation of Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in Laos and Thailand

Creator:
Jongthawin, Jurairat, Intapan, Pewpan M, Sanpool, Oranuch, Janwan, Penchom, Sadaow, Lakkhana, Thanchomnang, Tongjit, Laymanivong, Sakhone, and Maleewong, Wanchai
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
genotyp, parazitické organismy, molekulární toxikologie, genotype, parasitic organisms, molecular toxicology, Asie jihovýchodní, Asia, Southeastern, ITS-2 rDNA, genotyping, parasitic nematode, fish-borne helminthoses, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
We report the molecular-phylogenetic identification of larvae of the nematode genus Gnathostoma Owen, 1836 collected from a snake, Ptyas koros Schlegel, in Laos and adult worms from the stomach of a dog in Thailand. DNA was extracted and amplified targeting the partial cox1 gene and the ITS-2 region of ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all five advanced third-stage larvae and seven adult worms were Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836. This is also the first molecular evidence of infection with G. spinigerum in a snake from Laos., Jurairat Jongthawin, Pewpan M. Intapan, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Lakkhana Sadaow, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Sakhone Laymanivong, Wanchai Maleewong., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

15. New information on morphology and molecular data of camallanid nematodes parasitising Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae) in South Africa

Creator:
Svitin, Roman, Schoeman, Anneke L, and Preez, Louis H. du
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitické organismy, hlístice, parasitic organisms, Nematodes, African clawed frog, parasites, Camallanidae, Camallanus, C. kaapstaadi, C. xenopodis, Batrachocamallanus, B. slomei, Procamallanus, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Three species of nematodes from the Camallanidae that are known to infect Xenopus laevis Daudin (Anura: Pipidae) were collected from several localities across South Africa. New data on morphology, partial 28S and cox1 genes, infection levels and distribution are presented herein. The most common species, Batrachocamallanus slomei Southwell et Kirshner, 1937, from the stomach and less often oesophagus, was found in eight localities. Camallanus kaapstaadi Southwell et Kirshner, 1937, also from the oesophagus, was found in two localities and C. xenopodis Jackson et Tinsley, 1995, from the intestine, at a single locality. New localities for both C. kaapstaadi and C. xenopodis provide a geographical range extension. Males of C. xenopodis are described for the first time herein. The existence of a left spicule in the males of both the species of Camallanus Railliet and Henry, 1915 is confirmed and measurements are provided. Although C. xenopodis is distinguished from C. mazabukae Kung, 1948 in the present study, we suggest greater sampling effort in other African amphibians to confirm the species status of the latter taxon. Finally, the new molecular data showed distant relationships between collected species of Camallanus and species parasitising fish and freshwater turtles., Roman Svitin, Anneke L. Schoeman, Louis H. du Preez., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

16. Parasites of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) in South Africa: a neglected field of marine science

Creator:
Schaeffner, Bjoern C and Smit, Nico J
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
příčnoústí, parazitické organismy, parazit a hostitel, Elasmobranchii, parasitic organisms, parasite and host, Holocephali, diversity, host-parasite list, parasite-host list, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Southern Africa is considered one of the world's 'hotspots' for the diversity of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), with currently 204 reported species. Although numerous literature records and treatises on chondrichthyan fishes are available, a paucity of information exists on the biodiversity of their parasites. Chondrichthyan fishes are parasitised by several groups of protozoan and metazoan organisms that live either permanently or temporarily on and within their hosts. Reports of parasites infecting elasmobranchs and holocephalans in South Africa are sparse and information on most parasitic groups is fragmentary or entirely lacking. Parasitic copepods constitute the best-studied group with currently 70 described species (excluding undescribed species or nomina nuda) from chondrichthyans. Given the large number of chondrichthyan species present in southern Africa, it is expected that only a mere fraction of the parasite diversity has been discovered to date and numerous species await discovery and description. This review summarises information on all groups of parasites of chondrichthyan hosts and demonstrates the current knowledge of chondrichthyan parasites in South Africa. Checklists are provided displaying the host-parasite and parasite-host data known to date., Bjoern C. Schaeffner, Nico J. Smit., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17. Parazitické hlístice plžů

Creator:
Nermuť, Jiří and Vladimír Půža
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, hlístice, parazitické organismy, měkkýši, parazit a hostitel, parazitologie, Nematodes, parasitic organisms, molluscs, parasite and host, parasitology, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Parazitické hlístice, které využívají měkkýše jako mezihostitele, paratenické nebo definitivní hostitele, tvoří skupinu více než stovky druhů. Další nové druhy jsou neustále popisovány, avšak jejich ekologie zůstává povětšinou zcela neznámá a nepovšimnutá. Pouze několik málo druhů bylo prozkoumáno blíže. Právě o nich a o tom kdy a jak vznikl jejich vztah k měkkýšům, pojednává tento článek., The group of parasitic nematodes that use molluscs as intermediate, paratenic or definitive hosts consists of more than 100 species. Several new species are described every year but their ecology still remains almost uknown. Only a few of these nematodes are well studied. This paper discusses these well-known mollusc-parasitic nematodes and the origin of their relationship with molluscs., and Jiří Nermuť, Vladimír Půža.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18. Presence of potential pathogenic genotypes of free-living amoebae isolated from sandboxes in children's playgrounds

Creator:
Cholewiński, Marcin, Solarczyk, Piotr, Derda, Monika, Wojtkowiak-Giera, Agnieszka, and Hadaś, Edward
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
genotyp, parazitické organismy, genotype, parasitic organisms, genotyping, Acanthamoeba, parasites, molecular study, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Some free-living amoebae are a potential threat to human health. The best known species are those of the genus Acanthamoeba Volkonsky, 1931, which cause Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and other forms of tissue inflammation. The aim of the present study was to search for potential pathogenic genotypes of free-living amoeba in the sand in children's playgrounds. Our results confirmed that free-living amoebae were present in all examined playgrounds. Sequences of the 18S rDNA have shown that all isolated potentially pathogenic strains of amoebae belong to genotype T4 of Acanthamoeba. The potential pathogenicity of isolates was confirmed on mice. The presence of pathogenic amoebae in the examined sand may be a potential source of human infection., Marcin Cholewiński, Piotr Solarczyk, Monika Derda, Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera, Edward Hadaś., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

19. Preservation of macroparasite species via classic plastination: an evaluation

Creator:
Gonzálvez, Moisés, Ortiz, Juana, Navarro, María, and Latorre, Rafael
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parazitické organismy, sbírky, parasitic organisms, collections, silicone preservation, S10 technique, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Plastination is a preservation method for biological specimens, with important advantages over classic conservation techniques with formaldehyde or alcohol. Plastinated specimens are dry, odourless, and free of carcinogenic and toxic solutions. There are only few references about the plastination of parasites. Moreover, there is no information on the effect of plastination on the morphology and morphometry of these animals. The aim of this study was to define a plastination protocol to preserve various species of parasites, namely the nematodes Parascaris equorum (Goeze, 1782); Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 and Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856); the acanthecephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781); the trematodes Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819) and the tapeworm Taenia sp. in the best morphological and morphometric conditions. Results showed that some individuals suffered collapse (P. equorum, A. suum, and D. dendriticum). However, other parasites presented good results with almost no change after plastination (D. immitis, M. hirudinaceus and F. hepatica). In conclusion, conventional plastination allowed anatomical preservation of all helminths tested, but modifications to the protocol are needed to prevent collapse., Moisés Gonzálvez, Juana Ortiz, María Navarro, Rafael Latorre., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public