Cíl: Narkolepsii objektivizuje test mnohočetné latence usnutí (Multiple Sleep Latency Test, MSLT) nálezem průměrné latence usnutí ≤ 8 min a ≥ 2 spánky s časným nástupem REM spánku. Cílem studie bylo zhodnotit přínos opakování MSLT při podezření na narkolepsii, když první MSLT narkolepsii nepotvrdilo. Soubor a metodika: Jedná se o retrospektivní studii výsledků MSLT u nemocných vyšetřených pro narkolepsii v Centru pro poruchy spánku a bdění Neurologické kliniky 1. LF UK a VFN za sledované období 13 let. Studie analyzuje 39 dospělých nemocných s podezřením na narkolepsii, kterým bylo v průběhu roku provedeno dvakrát MSLT a u nichž první výsledek nesplňoval kritéria narkolepsie, a 42 nemocných, jejichž první MSLT odpovídalo narkolepsii. Výsledky: Devatenáct nemocných mělo první MSLT negativní a druhé pozitivní a u 20 nemocných první i opakované MSLT nesplnilo diagnostická kritéria narkolepsie. Tyto skupiny se navzájem a také vzhledem k nemocným se stanovenou diagnózou při prvním MSLT lišily v latenci REM spánku během noční polysomnografie. Latence usnutí prvního MSLT předpovídá výsledek opakovaného MSLT (p < 0,001). Senzitivita jednoho vyšetření MSLT proti dvěma MSLT je 82,4 % a negativní prediktivní hodnota prvního nepotvrzujícího MSLT je 48,7 %. Závěry: Při podezření na narkolepsii a neprůkazném nálezu při vyšetření MSLT je přínosné toto vyšetření opakovat., Aim:Narcolepsy is confirmed if the MSLT (Multiple Sleep Latency Test) shows the mean sleep latency of ≤8 min and ≥2 episodes of sleep with early onset of REM sleep. The aim was to assess the value of repeated MSLT in subjects with suspected narcolepsy after the first MSLT failed to confirm narcolepsy. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of the MSLT results in adult patients examined for narcolepsy at the Sleep and Wake Disorders Center of the Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague during a 13-year period. The study analysed 39 adults with suspected narcolepsy who underwent second MSLT in a course of one year after their first MSLT results failed to meet the criteria for narcolepsy, and 42 patients whose initial MSLT was consistent with narcolepsy. Results: In 19 patients, the first MSLT was negative, while the second was positive. In 20 patients, both the first and repeated MSLT failed to meet the diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy. These groups differed from one another and from patients diagnosed with the first MSLT in REM sleep latency during nocturnal polysomnography. Sleep latency in the first test is predictive of the outcome of the repeated MSLT (p < 0.001). Sensitivity of one MSLT compared to two is 82.4%, and negative predictive value of the first non-confirmatory test is 48%. Conclusions: It is useful to repeat testing in patients with suspected narcolepsy and inconclusive MSLT., and K. Šonka, L. Pazderová, J. Bušková, M. Pretl, S. Dostálová, T. Vorlová, J. Piško, E. Maurovich-Horvat, L. Plchová, J. Volná, I. Příhodová, D. Suchá, S. Nevšímalová, D. Kemlink
Interventions of paediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are complex, varied and multidisciplinary. The goal of the treatment is to restore optimal breathing during the night and to relieve associated symptoms. Evidence suggests that the surgical intervention with removal of the tonsils and adenoids will lead to significant improvements in the most incomplicated cases, as recently reported from a meta-analysis. However, post-operative persistence of this syndrome in paediatric population is more frequent than expected, which supports the idea of the complexity of this syndrome. Adenotomy alone may not be sufficient in children with OSAS, because it does not address oropharyngeal obstruction secondary to tonsillar hyperplasia. Continuous positive airway pressure can effectively treat this syndrome in selected groups of children, improving both nocturnal and daytime symptoms, but poor adherence is a limiting factor. For this reason, CPAP is not recommended as first-line therapy for OSAS when adenotonsillectomy is an option. It is now being investigated the incorporation of nonsurgical approaches for milder forms and for residual OSAS after surgical intervention. Althought adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy is the most common for OSAS in children; obesity is emerging as an equally important etiological factor. Therefore an intensive weight reduction program and adequate sleep hygiene are also important lifestyle changes that may be very effective in mitigating the symptoms of this syndrome. Pharmacological therapy (leukotriene antagonists, topical nasal steroids) is usually use for mild forms of OSAS and in children with associated allergic diseases. Special orthodontic treatment and oropharyngeal exercises are a relatively new and promising alternative therapeutic modality used in selected groups of children with OSAS. and A. Šujanská, P. Ďurdík, J. Rabasco, O. Vitelli, N. Pietropaoli, M. P. Villa