Let $A$ be a square $(0,1)$-matrix. Then $A$ is a Hall matrix provided it has a nonzero permanent. The Hall exponent of $A$ is the smallest positive integer $k$, if such exists, such that $A^k$ is a Hall matrix. The Hall exponent has received considerable attention, and we both review and expand on some of its properties. Viewing $A$ as the adjacency matrix of a digraph, we prove several properties of the Hall exponents of line digraphs with some emphasis on line digraphs of tournament (matrices).
Let $\mathcal B_c$ denote the real-valued functions continuous on the extended real line and vanishing at $-\infty $. Let $\mathcal B_r$ denote the functions that are left continuous, have a right limit at each point and vanish at $-\infty $. Define $\mathcal A^n_c$ to be the space of tempered distributions that are the $n$th distributional derivative of a unique function in $\mathcal B_c$. Similarly with $\mathcal A^n_r$ from $\mathcal B_r$. A type of integral is defined on distributions in $\mathcal A^n_c$ and $\mathcal A^n_r$. The multipliers are iterated integrals of functions of bounded variation. For each $n\in \mathbb N$, the spaces $\mathcal A^n_c$ and $\mathcal A^n_r$ are Banach spaces, Banach lattices and Banach algebras isometrically isomorphic to $\mathcal B_c$ and $\mathcal B_r$, respectively. Under the ordering in this lattice, if a distribution is integrable then its absolute value is integrable. The dual space is isometrically isomorphic to the functions of bounded variation. The space $\mathcal A_c^1$ is the completion of the $L^1$ functions in the Alexiewicz norm. The space $\mathcal A_r^1$ contains all finite signed Borel measures. Many of the usual properties of integrals hold: Hölder inequality, second mean value theorem, continuity in norm, linear change of variables, a convergence theorem.
In this paper a full totalization is presented of the Kurzweil-Henstock integral in the multidimensional space. A residual function of the total Kurzweil-Henstock primitive is defined.