Bruno Latour’s article challenges the preconceived notions with which the scholars have approached the Great Divide between prescientific and scientific cultures. In order to account for the immense effects of science and technology without assuming a single grand cause for them, he suggests to focus on many, small unexpected and practical sets of skills to produce images, and to read and write about them. However, only those changes that intervene favorably in the agonistic situation in science should be considered. Crucial in this respect is the emergence of numerous “immutable mobiles” - easily transported, accumulated, combined, yet lasting objects - which made possible the mobilization of new scientific inscriptions and of new ways of looking at and presenting them. They help to constitute an optically consistent visual culture with such technologies as printing press. Their combination on the surface of paper and subsequent mobilization of allies can usher in bureaucratic mode of domination over the world and people in the scientific field. The effects of science and technology thus become a question of a shift in power relations enabled by the manipulation of inscriptions., Bruno, Latour., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Recenzní studie vychází z kolektivní monografie editorů Charlese Bazermana, Adairy Bonini a Débory Figueiredo, Genre in a Changing World (Fort Collins - West Lafayette: WAC Clearing House - Parlor Press 2009) a věnuje se tématům souvisejícím s významem žánrů ve vědecké a akademické praxi. Identifikuje zejména dvě oblasti, na něž se ve zvýšené míře soustředí badatelské aktivity pracující s žánrem jako analytickým nástrojem: žánrovou pedagogiku na univerzitní úrovni a oborovou enkulturaci. Zatímco první oblast ohraničuje akademické texty vůči jiným textovým formám, druhá se zabývá jejich vnitřní rozrůzněností. Studie zdůrazňuje demonstrovaný přínos přístupů založených na žánrech pro výzkumy vědecké praxe, avšak dochází k závěru, že je zapotřebí důsledněji promýšlet jejich epistemologické implikace., The review article analyzes a collective monograph edited by Charles Bazerman, Adaira Bonini, and Débora Figueiredo, Genre in a Changing World (Fort Collins - West Lafayette: WAC Clearing House - Parlor Press 2009). It focuses on topics relevant to the significance of genres in scientific and academic practice and identifies namely two concomitant areas that have been in the centre of attention of scholarly studies using genre as an analytical concept: genre-based pedagogies at university level and disciplinary enculturation. While the first area deals with establishment of boundaries between academic texts and other textual forms, the latter one addresses their internal differentiation. The review article emphasizes the demonstrated value of genre- oriented approaches for the research on scientific practices, yet it concludes that there is a need for more thorough appreciation of their epistemological implications., and Radim Hladík.