Současné údaje o vysoké prevalenci (až 1% populace) poruch autistického spektra (PAS) stimulují výzkum časné identifikace těchto poruch. Článek představuje přehled současných poznatků o časné autistické symptomatologii a metodách časné diagnostiky PAS. Podrobně jsou popsány hlavní screeningové studie provedené celopopulačně či na souboru mladších rizikových sourozenců dětí s PAS. Diskutovány jsou parametry screeningových nástrojů Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT), Modified – Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT), Early Screening of Autistic Traits (ESAT), Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) a First Year Inventory (FYI). V závěru je shrnut význam časné intervence., Current findings on high prevalence (up to 1%) of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encourage further research in the field of early identifica(ion of these disorders. The article presents a review of current knowledge on early autistic symptomatology as well as on the methods of early diagnosis of ASD. Main screening studies carried out both on general population and sam- pies of high-risk siblings of children already diagnosed with ASD are analysed. Pararneters of following screening tests are discussed - Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT), Modified- Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT), Early Screening of Autistic Traits (ESAT), Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) and First Year Inventory (FYI). In the end of the article the importance of early intervention is emphasized., Štěpánka Beranová, Michal Hrdlička., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Industrial chicory, Cichorium intybus L., is cultivated for the production of inulin. Most varieties of industrial chicory exhibit rather poor early growth, which limits further yield improvements in their European cultivation area. The poor early growth could be due to suboptimum adaptation of the gene pool to growth at low temperatures, sometimes in combination with high light intensities, which is typical of early-spring mornings. We have used chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence to evaluate the response of young plants of the cultivar 'Hera' to low temperatures and high light intensities. Plants were grown at three temperatures: 16°C (reference), 8°C (intermediate), and 4°C (cold stress). Light-response measurements were carried out at different light intensities in combination with different measurement temperatures. Parameters that quantify the photosystem II (PSII) operating efficiency (including PSII maximum efficiency and PSII efficiency factor) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) are important to evaluate the stress in terms of severity, the photosynthetics processes affected, and acclimation to lower growth temperatures. The results clearly demonstrate that in young industrial chicory plants the photosynthetic system adapts to lower growth temperatures. However, to fully understand the plant response to the stresses studied and to evaluate the long-term effect of the stress applied on the growth dynamics, the subsequent dark relaxation dynamics should also be investigated. and S. Devacht ... [et al.].