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64. Using ''not tasty'' at the dinner table

Creator:
Davies, Alex
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
MacFarlane, objectivism, predicates of personal taste, relativism, and sociology
Language:
Slovak
Description:
John MacFarlane argues against objectivism about ''tasty''/''not tasty'' in the following way. If objectivism were true then, given that speakers use ''tasty''/''not tasty'' in accordance with a rule, TP, speakers would be using an evidently unreliable method to form judgements and make claims about what is tasty. Since this is implausible, objectivism must be false. In this paper, I describe a context in which speakers deviate from TP. I argue that MacFarlane’s argument against objectivism fails when applied to uses of ''not tasty'' within this context. So objectivism about ''not tasty'' is still a viable position within this context., John MacFarlane argumentuje proti objektivismu o ''chutném'' / ''ne chutném'' následujícím způsobem. Pokud by objektivismus byl pravdivý, vzhledem k tomu, že reproduktory používají ''chutné'' / ''ne chutné'' v souladu s pravidly TP, mluvčí by používali zjevně nespolehlivou metodu k tomu, aby vytvořili soudy a prohlásili, co je chutné. Protože to je nepravděpodobné, objektivismus musí být falešný. V tomto článku popisuji kontext, ve kterém se mluvčí odchýlí od TP. Argumentuji, že argument MacFarlane proti objektivismu selhal, když se v tomto kontextu vztahuje k použití ''ne chutných''. Tak objektivismus ''ne chutné'' je stále životaschopný postoj v tomto kontextu., and Alexi Davies
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

65. Věcná významnost výsledků a její možnosti měření

Creator:
Soukup, Petr
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, sociology, substantive significance, effect size, economic significance, clinical significance, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
In this article it is argued that one of the main problems in data analysis is an over-emphasis on statistical rather than substantive significance. Statistical significance reports the improbability of specific outcomes from sample data using a null hypothesis. In contrast, substantive significance is concerned with the real-world meaning of data modelling results for a population, regardless of p value, where an effect size estimator is used for evaluation. The argument presented in this article begins with a consideration of how substantive significance may be defined. Thereafter, there is a summary of the literature on substantive significance and its measurement using a variety of effect size estimators, many of which are little known to researchers. This article also examines the topics of economic and clinical significance. In the conclusion, this study discusses attempts to synthesise different concepts of substantive significance and recommends some practical usage of these concepts., Petr Soukup., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

66. Volební kampaň a deklarovaná volební účast ve výzkumu veřejného mínění

Creator:
Paulína Tabery and Gabriela Šamanová
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, sociologie, sociology, election campaign, voter turnout, public opinion, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article examines the relationship between voter turnout (or, precisely, turnout intention) and variables related to the perception of the election campaign in the broader context of the other types of variables such as basic socio-demographic or political characteristics. The data used in this analysis are from surveys conducted during the period of three month before elections in 2010. All of the surveys were designed as public opinion polls and approximately 1000 Czech adults were interviewed nationwide at the beginning of each month. To explain the relationship between voter turnout (or rather a kind of readiness to vote) and the perception of the campaign, the binary logistic regression was chosen and three models were created. In relation to voter turnout, in addition to basic socio-demographic characteristics, the variables related to the perception of the election campaign are statistically significant, too. In the extended model, however, it is showed that behind the effects of most of them stands the rate of interest in politics. The only variable, which draws on a basis other than the interest in politics, proved to be awareness and acceptance of campaign influence on own voting behaviour. The frequency of consumption of media content proved to be more important than age, education and living standards. However, again behind these variables stands the interest in politics. Therefore, the interest in politics appears to be essential in relation to voter turnout in our analysis., Paulína Tabery, Gabriela Šamanová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

67. Vybrané bariéry investic do lidského kapitálu

Creator:
Petr Wawrosz and Herbert Heissler
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, sociologie, sociology, human capital, investments barriers, statistical discrimination, acting -white, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
If investments into human capital (HC) are as convenient as theory says why some people do not invest in the development of their HC and why other people with resources do not stimulate people without HC to invest including lending money for such investments? The paper tries to answer the question by identifying selected barriers causing lenders do not give money (resources) to the investments and potential borrowers are not willing to borrow them. From our point of view statistical discrimination and phenomena described as “acting -white” in the case of Afro -American community belong among the most important barriers, although they are not mentioned so often. The paper deals with both of the barriers and suggests how to solve them., Petr Wawrosz, Herbert Heissler., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

68. Vynález heterosexuality

Creator:
Katz, Jonathan Ned
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, sociology, heterosexuality, homosexuality, USA, medical discourse, history of sexuality, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper maps the history of the term and ideas about heterosexuality in the United States of America since the second half of the 19th century until the 20th century. Katz focuses primarily on the construction of the concept and terminological apparatus of heterosexuality (and homosexuality) in the medical discourse, its entry into the social mind and historical changes in the subsequent periods., Jonathan Ned Katz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

69. Vzdělávání dětí cizinců na pražských základních školách

Creator:
Kateřina Vojtíšková
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, sociologie, sociology, inclusive education, qualitative research, acculturation strategies, integration, the immigrant paradox, the Czech Republic, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article examines the Czech educational praxis toward integration of immigrant children. Although the number of immigrant children increased during past several years, Czech national educational policy still lacks specific measures which would systematically promote inclusive education and integration of immigrant children. The article aims to describe the experience of schools with integration of immigrant children at schools, and to identify the most important barriers that prevent full participation of immigrant children according to accounts of interviewees. Based on 21 in-depth interviews with representatives of school staff in 11 Prague public-sector základní škola (ISCED 1+2) with higher share of immigrant children (5-20 %), the paper provides insight into diverse into the ways how schools deal with immigrant children, families´ acculturation strategies and inclusive educational policy. The article concludes with a discussion of “immigrant paradox”, highly achieving minorities (particularly Vietnamese students)., Kateřina Vojtíšková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

70. Why is sociology a critical science?

Creator:
Javeau, Claude
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
filozofie, philosophy, sociology, critical science, criticism, methodological privilege, scientific autonomy, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article affirms the modern origin of sociology as a science and posits a critical posture as its fundamental component. As such, sociology is opposed to any dogmatic conception of knowledge. The critical stance has both internal and external dimension. Sociology is under the obligation to observe a constant vigilance towards the knowledge it produces. A considerable methodological privilege bestowed upon the researchers in sociology requires that they have to be capable of criticizing their conceptual tools and operational procedures. Furthermore, critical attitude consists also in questioning conditioning of results linked to the dependence arising from the subsidizing of research. These preconditions of critical posture are illustrated by consideration of the challenges of researching the so-called “school failure”. Ultimately, responsibility commands a sociologist to respect the principle of precaution. When political action is concerned, the researchers must demand that their rights of intellectual property be preserved. To criticize, in this sense, is not to denounce; nonetheless, sociology will only remain faithful to what can pass legitimately as its essence by demanding the right, against threats and seductions, to speak the truth about social reality. and Claude Javeau.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public