Incidence karcinomu endometria ve věkové skupině žen mladších 40 let narůstá, a proto roste i zájem o fertilitu šetřící léčbu. Nejčastěji používaná konzervativní léčba progestiny může být zvážena u pečlivě selektovaných pacientek s grade 1, stage IA karcinomem endometria bez myometriální invaze, které si přejí zachovat reprodukční funkce, a jsou ochotny podstoupit intenzivní léčbu a sledování a také určité riziko chirurgicky nestážovaného onemocnění. Před léčbou je potřeba co nejpřesněji zhodnotit biologický charakter a rozsah onemocnění. Hormonální terapie je aplikována obvykle 6 měsíců. Response rate se pohybuje přibližně v hodnotách 60–80 %, recurrence rate 25–40 %. Live birth rate je uváděn okolo 30 %. Je potřeba informovat pacientky o reálné možnosti recidivy, obvykle dobře léčitelné, i o výhodě použít metody asistované reprodukce, o potřebě intenzivního follow-up a doporučení definitivní léčby po dokončení reprodukčních plánů., The diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma in young women of childbearing age is rare, but the incidence in growing. Fertility-preserving therapy of endometrial carcinoma could be considered in patients with a histological diagnosis of grade 1 stage IA endometrial carcinoma without myometrial invasion who wish to preserve their fertility, are willing to accept intensive treatment, close follow-up and risk of unstaged disease. Conservative treatment is based on 6 months medical treatment with high-dose oral progestins. Response rate is referred between 60 and 80 %, recurrence rate 25–40 %; live birth rate around 30 %. Patients should be informed about real risk of recurrence and the need of future hysterectomy., and Pavla Svobodová
The important biological role of saliva in maintaining of the homeostasis of the oral cavity environment, preventing infection and tooth decay is widely accepted. Salivary glands insufficiency may violate the balance between health and disease. Clinical data indicated that the destruction, agenesis and aplasia of salivary gland commonly followed with hypo salivation, low salivary flow, which resulted in severe caries and periodontal disease. Salivary gland dysfunction also frequently found in preterm and low birth weight newborns. But the information about structural background of abnormal salivation in early childhood is still limited. A presence of any correlation between salivary glands structural development and intrauterine restrictions of fetal growth (IUGR) is unclear. The aim of present study was to determine morphological and morphometric peculiarities of human parotid gland in case of IUGR at late gestation. Material and methods: Parotid glands of twenty human fetuses 2022 weeks of gestation with diagnosed IUGR from late abortions material were compared with ten fetal glands in cases of induced abortions due to psychological reasons (control group). Tissue samples were immersionfixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, embedded in paraffin wax. Histological slides were stained routinely with hematoxylin & eosin, with Van Gieson's Stain. Microscopical examination was performed on magnification x 40 and x 100. Stereometric study by point count method at magnification x 40 allowed finding out volume fractions (VF) of glands parenchyma and stroma. VF of lobules components (glands wall, glands lumen, ducts wall, ducts lumen, vessels, intralobular connective tissue) were registered at magnification x100. Morphometry of the secretory portion of the parotid gland was conducted on the Zeiss microscope with the help of the AxioVision Rel.4.8 program. The mature (differentiated) end pieces were measured, including their area (in mkm2), width, height, perimeter (all in mkm). Similar measurements were done in the foci of immature secretory ends of a gland. Additionally the mean height of the epithelial cells layer within the mature secretory end pieces was measured. The differences were analyzed by methods of mathematical statistics using the software Microsoft Excel; data was compared with control measurements by Students ttest. Results: The results of present research have shown the delayed differentiation of fetal parotid glands parenchymal components in case of IUGR. The parenchymal VF did not reach control values. Furthermore, VF of lobules components was also decreased. Ducts lumens appeared to be significantly narrower than at physiological gestation. Interlobular and intralobular connective tissue stroma, in contrast to the controls, occupied vast areas, and their volume fraction was increased. Deficit of the parenchymal components of the gland was enhanced by slower maturation of glands. In cases with IUGR, differentiated glands occupied smaller area, with reduced width, height and perimeter. Epithelium lining the differentiated glands is characterized by significantly lower height compared to the control group. Delayed differentiation resulted in higher proportion of immature glands. Their area, width, height and perimeter increased. IUGR was also accompanied with a variety of pathological changes. Conclusion: Present evidences suggest that IUGR leads to impaired growth and maturation of the parotid gland. Structural immaturity and lack of differentiated parenchymal elements of the organ may form the basis of its secretory functions lesion. The finding tends to support the hypothesis that the mechanism behind the increased risk of dental pathology in preterm, low birth weight and retarded children is centred at structural and functional immaturity of salivary gland., Sergiy Morozov, Olga Reshetnikova, and Literatura
Studie FEVER sledovala rozdíl mezi intenzivnější a méně intenzivní léčbou krevního tlaku, přitom porovnala kombinaci: nízká dávka diuretika (hydrochlorothiazid 12,5 mg) s nízkou dávkou kalciového antagonisty (felodipin 5 mg) s monoterapií: nízká dávka diuretika (hydrochlorothiazid 12,5 mg) u čínských hypertenzních pacientů. Do analýzy bylo zahrnuto 9 711 hypertoniků (4 841 užívalo kombinaci hydrochlorothiazidu s felodipinem a 4 870 kombinaci hydrochlorothiazidu s placebem). Pokles krevního tlaku byl u kombinační léčby z 158,7/92,4 mm Hg na 138,1/82,3 mm Hg a při monoterapii z 158,0/92,7 mm Hg na 141,6/83,9 mm Hg. Průměrný rozdíl během celé studie byl 4,2/2,1 mm Hg. Primární cíl ? vznik fatálních a nefatálních cévních mozkových příhod (CMP) ? byl o 27 % nižší ve skupině s kombinační léčbou. I v sekundárních cílech byla úspěšnost kombinační léčby vyjádřena snížením rizika o 27 % u všech kardiovaskulárních příhod, o 35 % srdečních příhod, o 32 % koronárních příhod a počet úmrtí o 31 %. Malý rozdíl v TKs/TKd přibližně o 4/2 mm Hg byl spojen s poklesem incidence CMP a kardiovaskulárních příhod u čínských hypertoniků., Miroslav Souček, M. Plachý, and Lit. 34
Fibrilaci síní, zvláště její permanentní (chronické) formě, je třeba u seniorů věnovat náležitou pozornost. Farmakologická i nefarmakologická kontrola frekvence srdečních komor a nasazeni antikoagulační léčby může významně snížit jak výskyt kardiálního selhání, tak i cévních mozkových prihod a zpomalit nebo i zastavit progresi kognitivních poruch. Antikoagulační léčba u Starších osob s fibrilaci siní není u nás nasazována ve všech indikovaných případech. Nejčastějším důvodem jsou obavy z hemoragických komplikací. Autor podává přehled prací z posledních let, které jednoznačně prokázaly, že u řádně prováděné antikoagulační léčby a u farmaky kontrolované frekvence komor prospěch převyšuje riziko., Atrial fibrillation particulariy in its permanent (chronic) state is rather frequent in old age and needs careful management. Medication and non-pharmacological control of heart frequency and anticolagulant therapy can decrease significantly the risk of heart failure and stroke and slow down the progression of cognitive impairment. Anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation is not instituted in every patient. The most prevalent reason is the fear of haemorrhagic complications. The author summarises the results of recent literature. There is clear evidence that in carefully selected elderly patients treated with anticoagulant therapy and/or with heart rate controlling agents the benefit overweighs the risk., Jiří Neuwirth, Lit: 13, and Souhrn: eng
INTRODUCTION: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) became standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) under the age of 65 years. We routinely perform ASCT for newly diagnosed MM since 1996 in our department. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all 285 transplants in 185 patients done for MM from January 1996 till December 2010. We analyzed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) regarding conditioning, stage, complete or very good partial remission (CR, VGPR) achievement, renal impairment, single vs. double transplant. RESULTS: Estimated 10-years survival of the whole set of patients is 39% (median survival 95 months). Patients with renal impairment show same OS as those without (p = 0.22). Patients show similar overall survival and event free survival regardless of type of transplant. We observed better outcome in terms of overall survival in patients treated with new drugs (p = 0.0014). Reaching CR or VGPR was not translated into better OS (p = 0.30) and EFS (p = 0.10). Also stage of the disease and whether single or double transplant was used did not make any significant difference in the outcome. CONCLUSION: Stem cell transplantation greatly improved outcome of patients with MM. Poor outcome of allogeneic transplantation in our group of patients is related to high transplant related mortality (20% vs. 0%) and unexpected high relapse rate. There is a trend towards better survival, when new drugs are incorporated at any time in the course of the disease. This fact supports hypothesis that use of these drugs with ASCT should translate into better long-term outcome. and J. Radocha, V. Maisnar, A. Zavrelová, M. Cermanová, M. Lánská, M. Kmonícek, L. Jebavý, M. Bláha, J. Malý, P. Zák