We used a model of tibial lengthening in rabbits to study the postoperative pain pattern during limb-lengthening and morphological changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), including alteration of substance P (SP) expression. Four groups of animals (naïve; OG: osteotomized only group; SDG/FDG: slow/fast distraction groups, with 1 mm/3 mm lengthening a day, respectively) were used. Signs of increasing postoperative pain were detected until the 10th postoperative day in OG/SDG/FDG, then they decreased in OG but remained higher in SDG/FDG until the distraction finished, suggesting that the pain response is based mainly on surgical trauma until the 10th day, while the lengthening extended its duration and increased its intensity. The only morphological change observed in the DRGs was the presence of large vacuoles in some large neurons of OG/SDG/FDG. Cell size analysis of the S1 DRGs showed no cell loss in any of the three groups; a significant increase in the number of SP-positive large DRG cells in the OG; and a significant decrease in the number of SP-immunoreactive small DRG neurons in the SDG/FDG. Faster and larger distraction resulted in more severe signs of pain sensation, and further reduced the number of SP-positive small cells, compared to slow distraction., K. Pap, Á. Berta, G. Szöke, M. Dunay, T. Németh, K. Hornok, L. Marosföi, M. Réthelyi, M. Kozsurek, Z. Puskár., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present study investigated the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric distension (GD)-responsive neurons via an interaction with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor signaling in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), and the potential regulation of these effects by hippocampal projections to VMH. Extracellular single-unit discharges were recorded in VHM following administration of nesfatin-1. The projection of nerve fibers and expression of nesfatin-1 were assessed by retrograde tracing and fluoro-immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results showed that there were GD-responsive neurons in VMH; Nesfatin-1 administration and electrical stimulation of hippocampal CA1 sub-region altered the firing rate of these neurons. These changes could be partially blocked by pretreatment with the non-selective CRF antagonist astressin-B or an antibody to NUCB2/nesfatin-1. Electrolytic lesion of CA1 hippocampus reduced the effects of nesfatin-1 on VMH GD-responsive neuronal activity. These studies suggest that nesfatin-1 plays an important role in GD-responsive neuronal activity through interactions with CRF signaling pathways in VMH. The hippocampus may participate in the modulation of nesfatin-1-mediated effects in VMH., H. Feng, Q. Wang, F. Guo, X. Han, M. Pang, X. Sun, Y. Gong, L. Xu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Learned Society’s two-day General Assembly took place at the Hall of Patriots of the Carolinum May and at the ASCR’s main building 17-18 May, 2010. The Society primarily encourages the free development of science in all its aspects through dissemination of scientific ideas and concepts to the general public, by awakening a thirst for and delight in scientific knowledge within society, and through supporting the enhancement of the level of education and a creative, rational and humanly responsible climate in this country. At this General Assembly, Ivan Hlaváček, well-known historiographer, and Karel Štulík, renowned chemist and former president of the Czech Science Foundation, were bestowed the Medal of the Learned Society of the Czech Republic for their contributions to the advancement of science. The Scientist Awards were presented to embryologist and histologist Jan Evangelista Jirásek of the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, and sinologist Oldřich Král of Charles University. The Junior Scientist Awards were given to Jan Dušek also of Charles University and Jiří Šedý of Institute of Experimental Medicine ASCR. The Learned Society Awards were presented to pedagogues Jarmila Ichová and Helena Kommová for their significant work in advancement of science among young students. The Grammar School Student Awards were presented to 11 students from Czech primary schools. and Marina Hužvárová, Gabriela Adámková.
Osobní přesvědčení, hodnoty a profesní etika jsou nedílnou součástí práce psychologů/ psychoterapeutů. Při řešení etických dilemat si nevystačíme s pouhou aplikací etických principů a zásad, ale je nutné vzít v úvahu psychologické pozadí etických postojů psychologa/psychoterapeuta. V textu se autor snaţí zdůraznit, ţe etické uvaţování, principy a rozhodování jsou ovlivňovány jak osobnostními faktory, tak dynamikou vědomých i nevědomých procesů. Jako nezbytnost vidí vlastní výcvikovou zkušenost psychologů/psychoterapeutů. and Personal conviction, values and professional ethics are an inseparable part of psychologists´/psychotherapists´ work. At solving ethical dilemmas, a mere application of ethical principles and standards is not sufficient and the psychological background of ethical stances of the psychologist/psychotherapist must be taken into consideration. In the text, the author tries to accentuate, that ethical consideration, principles and decision-making are influenced by personality factors as well as by the dynamics of conscious and unconscious processes. In his view, the psychologists´/psychotherapists´ own training experience is necessary.