Spain took over the European Union Presidency from Sweden on January 1, 2010- The main priority in the field of research and development is to move forward the European Research Area (ERA) conceived as a common shared space for knowledge. To achieve this objective, the Presidency has identified three "axes": integration, integrate R&D instruments at any level address the major challenges faced by society; and inclusion, science and innovation working together promote social cohesion and tackling poverty and exclusion. and Lenka Havlíčková.
The seven taxa of the cicada genus Tibicina (T.corsica corsica, T. corsica fairmairei, T. garricola, T. haematodes, T. nigronervosa, T. quadrisignata, T. tomentosa) which occur in continental France and Corsica were investigated. Extrinsic factors (geographical barriers) and factors intrinsic to the ecology of species were considered in an effort to understand the biogeography of Tibicina. Three patterns related to intrinsic factors were recognised: (1) pairs of taxa with sympatric distributions but with divergent habitat preferences; (2) pairs of taxa with sympatric distributions and similar habitat but with allochronic occurrence; (3) pairs of taxa with similar ecology but with allopatric distributions. When taxa were separated by their habitat, the height of vegetation appeared to be more important than the floristic composition of the habitat. These factors lead to the partitioning of resources in time and space. All taxa occur in secondary vegetations. Human agro-pastoral activity has probably influenced the dynamics of cicada populations and the maintenance of isolation between them.
Cardiac excitation generates an electric field which projects onto the body surface. This allows the information about the heart to be obtained noninvasively as a physical process. Thus the analysis of the cardioelectric field requires spatial, spatio-temporal and temporal approaches. The spatial approach resolves the distribution of the field in the body in relation to the configuration of the source by means of constructing a field map for one instant. This reflects the anatomical background. The spatio-temporal analysis includes the events of activation and repolarization, provides a series of maps or compressed presentations and comprises the dynamics of the cardiac excitatory cycle. The temporal access investigates the generation of the cardiac rhythm. It utilizes the analysis of sinus arrhythmia and the frequency analysis of heart rate variability. The results reflect efferent mechanism of chronotropic control as well as afferent and central management of informations relevant for cardiac control.