This study is devoted to a collection of sacred compositions assembled during the late eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries that was preserved in the Collegiate Church of St. Maurice in KromûfiíÏ. The pieces are all undated, but the author discusses their dating based on an inventory of the collection made in 1837, deposited in the Olomouc branch of the Opava Regional Archive. This inventory allows us to distinguish music acquired through 1836 from that which was acquired later. The study also includes a list of composers represented in this inventory. The preserved repertoire raises many questions, but a thorough stylistic evaluation of this music would require refining the dating of the individual acquisitions and analyzing their musical content.
Are fountains islands in the "urban sea"? We studied chiromonid assemblages of twelve fountains located in Olomouc (Czech Republic) and in Copenhagen (Denmark). In total, 45 taxa dwelled the fountains, varying from 4 to 23 in particular sites. The typical fountain community seems to be a unique assemblage, constituted of species linked with tap-water, hygropetric and semi-terrestrial habitats as well as more common species with very wide geographical distribution and ecological requirements. The fountains surveyed demonstrate some basic aspects of the island biogeography. Even though there was no linkage between taxa richness and fountain area or distance from the colonization source, a strong correlation between similarity of chironomid assemblage structures and distance to river source (Olomouc), and geographical proximity (Copenhagen) was recognized. Generally, distance to natural aquatic sources, fountain proximity and regional factors determine the chironomid composition of fountains.
Lost in the endless barren desert, traveling from nowhere to no whither, the brigands of pre-Islamic poetry show us the tenebrious side of Arabic culture before Islam. Using one of their less known poems as a comparative frame, this article tries to carefully examine to what extent the paradigm of the rite of passage (or passage manqué in this particular case) corresponds with all it’s minute poetic aspects.
Suárez’s theory of knowledge, worked out in his On the Soul (1621), presents a significant philosophical addition to the famous Metaphysical Disputations (1597). Even if On the Soul was published posthumously, its basic thoughts were developed, by Suárez himself, as early as in the first half of the 1570’s. For this reason this work of pure philosophy provides the indispensable context for Suárez’s metaphysical reflections.
The article presents the fundamental characteristics of Suárez’s theory of knowledge, with emphasis on knowledge of reason, and with a view to its critical relation to Thomist theory. It is above all Thomist theory which Suárez was addressing. Next to the brief presentation of the historical context of the work and a sketch of the basic anthropological tendencies connected with Suárez’s particular form of dualism with regard to the question of the soul and body, the author presents four basic characteristics of Suárez’s theory of knowledge. 1) Suárez’s theory of knowledge is characterised as a doctrine that puts emphasis on the vital nature of knowledge. The whole principle of knowledge cannot be considered without the factor of the attentive soul; passive reason, as really identical with active reason, cannot be treated as passive primary matter; the intentional species represent extramental objects only in an embryonic way; intentional connections of the knowing subject with the known thing can be understood as, at most, an accidental one. All these theses are clearly signs of non-Thomism. 2) Suárez’s theory of knowledge is characterised by direct cognitive realism. The rejection of the expressed species (species expressa) really distinct from the cognitive act and the rejection of the definition of a formal concept as that in which (id in quo) we grasp extramental things, shows that Suárez unequivocably advocates a conception of direct realism. He views Thomist theory as approaching too closely to an undesirable representationalism. 3) Suárez’s teaching is further characterised by a theory of the sympathy of cognitive potencies having their root in a common soul. It is this theory – widely accepted in Renaissance philosophy – which understands the relation between sensory and rational knowledge acausally. Suárez conceives it in contrast to the Thomist theory which works with a causal understanding of this relation. 4) In the final part of the study Suárez’s epistemological theory of the direct rational knowledge of material individuals is presented. Thomist teaching on the reflexive rational knowledge of individuals is rejected by Suárez for the same reason as Thomist theory on the real distinction between the concept and cognitive act: both offend against direct realism and thus also against the objectivity of our knowledge.
The author comes to the negative conclusion that Suárez’s theory of knowledge is positively not primarily inspired by Thomist theory. The main influence – one which the author does not attempt to elaborate – seems to be the Augustinian-Franciscan tradition. At the same time attention is drawn to some of Suárez’s themes that are taken up by modern philosophy, such as occasionalism, innate ideas, predetermined harmony and the unity of apperception – these bring Suárez close to the conceptions of early modern rationalists.
Agonist-induced subcellular redistribution of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and of trimeric guanine-nucleotide binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) represent mechanisms of desensitization of hormone response, which have been studied in our laboratory since 1989. This review brings a short summary of these results and also presents information about related literature data covering at least small part of research carried out in this area. We have also mentioned sodium plus potassium dependent adenosine triphosp hatase (Na, K-ATPase) and 3H-ouabain binding as useful reference standard of plasma membrane purity in the brain., Z. Drastichová, L. Bouřová, V. Lisý, L. Hejnová, V. Rudajev, J. Stöhr, D. Durchánková, P. Ostašov, J. Teisinger, T. Soukup, J. Novotný, P. Svoboda., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Kainic acid (KA) is a potent neurotoxic substance valuable in research of temporal lobe epilepsy. We tested how subconvulsive dose of KA influences spontaneous behavior of adult Wistar rats. Animals were treated with 5 mg/kg of KA and tested in Laboras open field test for one hour in order to evaluate various behavioral parameters. Week after the KA treatment animals were tested again in Laboras open field test. Finally, rat’s brains were sliced and stained with Fluoro-Jade B to detect possible neuronal degeneration. Treatment with KA increased the time spent by locomotion (p<0.01), exploratory rearing (p<0.05) and animals traveled longer distance (p<0.01). These parameters tended to increase thirty minutes after KA administration. Week after the treatment we did not found differences in any measured behavioral parameter. Histology in terms of Fluoro-Jade B staining did not reveal any obvious neuronal damage in hippocampus. These results demonstrate that subconvulsive KA dose changes the behavioral parameters only transiently. Clarification of timing of the KA induced changes may contribute to understand mutual relationship between non-convulsive seizures and behavioral/cognitive consequences., V. Riljak, D. Marešová, J. Pokorný, K. Jandová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
To estimate the significance of insulin in the regulation of preimplantation embryo growth, female mice received a single subdiabetogenic dose of streptozocin (65 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 8-11 days or 14-17 days before fertilization. Mean glycaemia levels and the number of embryos per mouse did not differ significantly between the streptozocin-treated and control groups. Morphological analysis of preimplantation embryos collected on day 3 of pregnancy revealed significant changes in the distribution pattern of preimplantation embryo stages recovered from streptozocin-treated females. Continuous insulin treatment of streptozocin-treated mice improved the impaired development of preimplantation embryos only in short-lasting experiments. After a long subdiabetic period (14-17 days) the incidence of degenerated embryos was increased in both streptozocin-treated groups. It can be concluded that the subdiabetic state in female mice impairs preimplantation embryo development which could partly be prevented by insulin treatment.
The aim of the paper is to discuss selected methodological problems of quantitative comparative housing research. The analysis is based on EU-SILC data and the concept of overcrowding is considered. We used two alternative definitions of overcrowding rate, both based on normative assumptions and each giving slightly different results. We tried to answer the question, which definition is better. The basic idea was that the closer the ‘objective’ rate of overcrowding is to its ‘subjective’ assessment, the better the selected method (definition) is. Moreover, it was shown that while in more advanced countries the share of households that consider dwelling space to be a problem is significantly higher than the share of households living in overcrowded dwellings based on ‘objective’ criteria, in post-socialist countries the opposite is true.