Úvod: Posouzení významu PET/CT pro iniciální staging karcinomu jícnu s důrazem na metastatické postižení uzlin a průkaz vzdálených metastáz. Dále bylo cílem práce ověření významu PET/CT vyšetření při hodnocení efektu neoadjuvantní léčby. Metody: V prospektivní studii byl sledován soubor 354 nemocných s karcinomem jícnu, kteří byli vyšetřeni na I. chirurgické klinice LF UP a FN Olomouc v letech 2006–2012. Vstupní PET/CT vyšetření bylo provedeno u 349 nemocných. Analyzovali jsme přínos vyšetření ke stanovení stagingu onemocnění a v závislosti na něm jsme stanovovali strategii léčby. Na základě vstupního PET/CT byl u 102 nemocných zjištěn různý stupeň generalizace a byli indikovaní k paliativní či symptomatické terapii. U 247 pacientů bylo zjištěno omezení nádoru na jícen ev. regionální uzliny. Po posouzení celkového stavu a dle přání pacienta byla dále u 188 nemocných indikovaná neoadjuvantní radiochemoterapie (RCHT), léčbu nedokončilo 32 nemocných. U 156 pak bylo v průměrném odstupu 8,4 týdnů od ukončené neoadjuvantní terapie provedeno kontrolní vyšetření PET/CT. Na základě tohoto vyšetření bylo kompletní vymizení známek nádoru (complete response- CR) zjištěno u 38 vyšetřených (24,4 %), regrese u 89 (57,0 %), stacionární nález u 10 (6,4 %) a progrese u 19 (12,2 %). K chirurgické léčbě bylo indikováno 97 pacientů, z toho resekci jícnu bylo možné provést u 85 a u 12 byl výkon pouze paliativní resp. šlo o exploraci. Výsledky: Vstupní PET/CT vyšetření u 349 pacientů u naprosté většiny správně posoudilo rozsah onemocnění v souhlase s histologicky ověřenou diagnózou. Falešně negativní výsledek byl jen u 5 nemocných (1,43 %). Při hodnocení efektu neoadjuvantní léčby byli pacienti rozděleni do skupin dle nálezu při kontrolním PET/CT po neoadjuvanci a bylo vyhodnocováno jejich přežívání. Byl zjištěn signifikantní rozdíl (p=0,0004) v přežívání mezi skupinami s rozdílnou reakcí na neadjuvantní léčbu (CR (n=38), regrese (n=89), stacionární nález (n=10), progrese (n=19)) bez ohledu na další léčbu po neoadjuvanci, ve prospěch pacientů s lepší reakcí na neadjuvantní léčbu. Signifikantní rozdíl v přežívání byl zaznamenán i mezi skupinou pacientů po neoadjuvanci radikálně operovaných (n=85) a neoperovaných (n=59) ve prospěch operovaných (p=0,003). Nejdelšího průměrného přežívání 38,6 měsíců (medián 29,0 měsíců) bylo dosaženo ve skupině operovaných po neoadjuvanci, kde kontrolní PET/CT ukázalo CR. Nebyl však prokázán signifikantní rozdíl (p=0,587) ve výsledcích mezi skupinami operovaných s rozdílnou reakcí na neadjuvantní léčbu (regrese, stacionární nález). Počet případů v jednotlivých hodnocených skupinách není zatím natolik velký, abychom získané výsledky mohli považovat za jednoznačně průkazné a ve sledování a zařazování dalších nemocných do studie budeme dále pokračovat. Závěr: V práci je dokumentován význam a přínos PET/CT v iniciálním stagingu karcinomu jícnu, zejména v průkazu metastatického onemocnění, a to jak v postižení uzlin, tak v odhalení vzdálených metastáz. PET/CT má velký význam pro stanovení léčebné strategie. Dále byl ověřen význam PET/CT vyšetření při hodnocení efektu neadjuvantní léčby., Introduction: To evaluate the significance of PET/CT for the initial staging of esophageal cancer with emphasis on metastatic lymph node affection and detection of distant metastases. Furthermore, the aim of the work was to analyze the significance of PET/CT examination when evaluating the effect of neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A set of 354 patients with esophageal cancer treated at the 1st Department of Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc and Medical Faculty at Palacky University in Olomouc between the years 2006−2012 were analyzed in a prospective study. The initial PET/CT examination was performed in 349 patients. We analyzed the benefit of this examination in regard to disease staging and based on the result, therapeutic strategy was determined. The initial PET/CT showed varying degrees of disease generalization in 102 patients, these patients were indicated for palliative or symptomatic therapy. In 247 patients, the disease was limited only to the esophagus and /or regional lymph nodes. After considering the patient’s overall condition and taking into account the wishes of the patient, 188 patients were indicated for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT); 32 patients did not complete this treatment. In 156 patients a follow-up PET/CT scan was performed after an average of 8.4 weeks following completion of neoadjuvant therapy. Based on this examination, a complete response- CR, was observed in 38 patients (24.4%), regression of the tumor in 89 (57.0%), stationary findings were seen in 10 (6.4%), and progression in 19 (12.2%). Ninety-seven patients were indicated for surgical resection; however, esophagectomy was only possible in 85 patients, in the remaining 12 patients only an explorative laparotomy was performed due to disease progression. Results: The initial PET/CT examination performed in 349 patients correctly described the extent of the disease in accordance with the histologically confirmed diagnosis in virtually all patients. A false positive result was seen in only 5 patients (1.43%). When evaluating the effect of neoadjuvant therapy, the patients were divided into groups based on the findings of the follow-up PET/CT after neoadjuvant therapy and their overall survival was evaluated. A significant difference (p=0.0004) in survival was observed between the groups based on the different reactions to neoadjuvant therapy (CR (n=38), regression (n=89), stationary findings (n=10), progression (n=19)) without taking into account the following treatment the patient received after neoadjuvant therapy. Patients who had a better response to neoadjuvant therapy had better survival results. There was also a significant difference in survival between the group of patients who completed neoadjuvant therapy and underwent radical surgical resection (n=85) versus those patients who completed neoadjuvant therapy but did not undergo subsequent surgery (n=59). The operated group had a significantly higher overall survival (p=0.003). The longest mean survival, 38.6 months (median 29.0 months), was achieved by the group of patients who completed neoadjuvant therapy, showed a complete response on the follow-up PET/CT, and underwent surgical resection. However, a significant difference was not observed (p=0.587) between the groups who underwent surgical resection and whose follow-up PET/CT results differed (regression or stationary findings). To date, the number of cases in the individual groups is not great enough to consider the obtained results conclusive, and we will continue to include more patients into the study and continue with the analysis. Conclusion: The work documents the significance and benefit of PET/CT in the initial staging of esophageal cancer, especially in detecting metastatic disease- positive lymph nodes as well as distant metastases. PET/CT has great importance in determining therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, the significance of PET/CT in evaluating the effect of neoadjuvant therapy was also studied., and K. Vomáčková, Č. Neoral, R. Aujeský, R. Vrba, M. Stašek, M. Mysliveček, R. Formánek
The aphids Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (greenbug) and Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Russian wheat aphid, RWA) were collected from several localities in Argentina and Southern Chile. Clones were established from aphids collected at each location. The host preferences were studied in free choice tests. Biotypes were characterized on the basis of aphid antibiosis and host plant tolerance. The production of sexuals was assessed under natural conditions, from March to November in 1997-2001, at La Plata (34°55' S, 57°57' W). The greenbug distribution ranged from 24°40' to 43°28' S, and was bounded between isothermals 18-20°C and 8-10°C, and isohyets 400-600 mm and greater than 1200 mm. The aphids at all localities were collected from a wide range of cultivated and wild hosts. The biotypes in ten out of thirty-four populations were identified. One population was obligatorily parthenogenetic, the remainder cyclically parthenogenetic. No correlation was found between the region they came from and the period required for the induction of sexuals. RWA was found between 26°50' and 43°28' S, bounded by the isothermals 20-22°C and 8-10°C, and isohyets 400-600 mm and 2000 mm. In Chile, this aphid was only found in Osorno County, which lies on isothermal 8-10°C and is bounded by the isohyets 1000 mm and 2000 mm. Only a few RWA genotypes (clones) produced sexuals irrespective of the host they were collected from, period of the year, region, current host, or the day length and average temperature of the rearing conditions. For the first time, RWA was found infesting cultivated as well as wild oats in South America. At low latitudes, populations of both aphid species were found only infesting wild Sorghum halepensis (L).
Příspěvek Jana Bati je zprávou o mezinárodní muzikologické konferenci, která se uskutečnila v chorvatském Dubrovníku ve dnech 26. až 28. března 2012., Jan Baťa., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
When insect herbivores develop over many generations on the same plant species, their descendants may evolve physiological adaptations that enable them to develop more successfully on that plant species than naïve conspecifics. Here, we compared development of wild and lab-reared caterpillars of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae, on a cultivar of cabbage Brassica oleracea (cv. Cyrus) and on a wild plant species, sorrel, Rumex acetosa, on which the wild strain had been collected and reared for two earlier consecutive generations. The lab strain had been reared on the same cabbage cultivar for more than 20 years representing > 200 generations. Survival to adult did not vary with strain or plant species. Both strains, however, developed significantly faster when reared on R. acetosa than B. oleracea. Pupae from the field strain were larger when reared on B. oleracea than on R. acetosa, whereas the identity of the plant species did not matter for the lab strain. Our results show that long-term rearing history on cabbage had little or no effect on M. brassicae performance, suggesting that some generalist herbivores can readily exploit novel plants that may be chemically very different from those on which they have long been intimately associated., Jeffrey A. Harvey, Eke Hengeveld, Miriama Malcicka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous “gasotransmitter”, exists in the central nervous system. However, the central cardiovascular effects of endogenous H2S are not fully determined. The present study was designed to investigate the central cardiovascular effects and its possible mechanism in anesthetized rats. Intracerebrovent ricular (icv) injection of NaHS (0.17~17 μ g) produced a significant and dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) (P<0.05) compared to control. The higher dose of NaHS (17 μ g, n=6) decreased BP and HR quickly of rats and 2 of them died of respiratory paralyse. Icv injection of the cystathionine beta-synthetase (CBS) activator s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM, 26 μ g) also produced a significant hypotension and bradycardia, which were similar to the results of icv injection of NaHS. Furthermore, the hypotension and bradycardia induced by icv NaHS were effectively attenuated by pretreatment with the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide but not with the CBS inhibitor hydroxylamine. The present study suggests that icv injection of NaHS produces hypotension and bradycardia, which is dependent on the KATP channel activation., W.-Q. Liu ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
We tested whether seal location at iliac crest (IC) or upper abdomen (UA), before and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP), would affect thoracic electrical impedance, hepatic blood flow, and central cardiovascular responses to LBNP. After 30 min of supine rest, LBNP at -40 mmHg was applied for 15 min, either at IC or UA, in 14 healthy males. Plasma density and indocyanine green concentrations assessed plasma volume changes and hepatic perfusion. With both sealing types, LBNP-induced effects remained unchanged for mean arterial pressure (-3.0±1.1 mm Hg), cardiac output (-1.0 l min-1), and plasma volume (-11 %). Heart rate was greater during UA (80.6±3.3 bpm) than IC (76.0±2.5 bpm) (p<0.01) and thoracic impedance increased more using UA (3.2±0.2 Ω) than IC (1.8±0.2 Ω) (p<0.0001). Furthermore, during supine rest, UA was accompanied by lower thoracic impedance (26.9±1.1 vs 29.0±0.8 Ω , p<0.001) and hepatic perfusion (1.6 vs 1.8 l.min-1, p<0.05) compared to IC. The data suggest that the reduction in central blood volume in response to LBNP depends on location of the applied seal. The sealing in itself altered blood volume distribution and hepatic perfusion in supine resting humans. Finally, application of LBNP with the seal at the upper abdomen induced a markedly larger reduction in central blood volume and greater increases in heart rate than when the seal was located at the iliac crest., N. Goswami ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article covers interpretation of the content of EU citizenship in the light of judgment of the Court of Justice of EU, C-34/09 Ruiz Zambrano v ONEm. This decision expands horizons of EU citizenship due to the term‘ the genuine enjoyment of the substance of rights conferred by the status of EU citizenship’. A refusal to grant a right of residence to a third country national with dependent minor children in the Member State where those children are nationals and reside, and also a refusal to grant such a person a work permit, has such an effect of depriving EU citizens of their rights. This was applied even that cross-border element was missing. Despite that the destiny and status of dependent children seem to play major role in the course of the case and maybe only situations of care will be granted in the future the same treatment of the Court like Zambrano. The Court created timeless basis for more uniform shape of Union Citizenship, free from reverse discrimination, to which may return later in its case law. The article compared also the content of Zambrano with later case of C-434/09 McCarthy.
The case study of a ground steps creation due to underground mining in Upper Silesia Basin, where for many years was conducted intensive hard coal extraction has been presented in this paper. This type of linear discontinuous deformations is considered as an important threat to the surface building constructions and elements of underground technical infrastructure. This threat is even more important, that presently still we do not have methods for predictions of such phenomena, and protection of building constructions against such damages is difficult, if not impossible. On the basis of the analyzes results shown in the paper, the following factors were pointed, that favor the formation of mining-induced ground steps: the presence of fault outcrops in the vicinity of extraction fields, multiple extraction in several coal seams led to the same border and large values of tensile horizontal strain., Piotr Strzałkowski and Roman Ścigała., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
We discuss and criticise the contention of Colombo (2012) that the central-marginal model does not apply to three species of chromosomally polymorphic acridid grasshoppers, and that chromosomal clines in these species are a consequence of temperature gradients. We also discuss Colombo’s interpretation of our own results on the South American melanopline grasshopper, Dichroplus pratensis Bruner., Claudio J. Bidau, Dardo A. Martí., and Obsahuje seznam literatury