The Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors, including FoxO1, FoxO3a, and FoxO4, have been implicated in the regulation of several biological processes, including stress resistance, metabolism, and apoptosis. In the present study, FoxO1 and FoxO3a patterns and their role in the regulation of the insulin signalling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were analyzed after starvation in the fat body cells of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. FoxO1 and FoxO3a are localized to the nuclei. It was found that the levels of the insulin receptor and phosphoryated kinase Akt (p-Akt) increased when the animals ceased feeding. Starvation conditions caused a decrease in extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and an increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 (MAP kinase) phosphorylation. This implies that the FoxO transcription factors are activated by starvation and that starvation leads to changes in the insulin signalling and MAPK pathways in B. mori. These results strongly suggest that the FoxO transcription factor may be involved in the regulation of the insulin signalling and MAPK pathways in B. mori. As such, the findings provide molecular entomologists with valuable information on the molecular mechanism of the signalling pathways in postembryonic development ofthe silkworm., Jin Hee Kim ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the result of interaction between a chronic hemodynamic overload and non-hemodynamic factors. There are several lines of evidence presented in this work suggesting that nitric oxide (NO) may participate in the hypertrophic growth of the myocardium. First, endothelial NO production was shown to be decreased in several types of hemodynamically overloaded circulation both in animals and humans. Second, compounds stimulating NO production were able to diminish the extent or modify the nature of LVH in some models of myocardial hypertrophic growth. Third, arterial hypertension can be induced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity. This NO-deficient hypertension is associated with the development of concentric LVH, myocardial fibrosis and protein remodeling of the left ventricle. The mechanism of LVH development in NO-deficient hypertension is complex and involves decreased NO production and increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Cardiovascular protection via ACE inhibition in NO-deficient hypertension may be induced by mechanisms not involving an improvement of NO production. In conclusion, the hypertrophic growth of the LV appears to be the result of interaction of vasoconstrictive and growth stimulating effects of angiotensin II on the one hand and of vasodilating and antiproliferative effects of nitric oxide on the other., F. Šimko, J. Šimko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Prediktivní vliv sebelitování na sebeznevýhodňování u tureckých univerzitních studentů Východiska. V rostoucím počtu výzkumů bylo zjištěno, že větší sebelitování je spojeno s větší psychologickou a kognitivní pohodou. Lze předpokládat, že sebelitování může hrát důležitou roli v sebeznevýhodňování, přičemž různé dimenze sebelitování mohou hrát různé role. Nicméně žádný výzkum zatím nezkoumal možné souvislosti mezi těmito proměnnými. Cíl. Cílem výzkumu bylo prozkoumat vztah mezi sebelitováním a sebeznevýhodňováním. Účastníci. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo 408 univerzitních studentů, 201 (49%) žen a 207 (51%) mužů), studujících různé obory v pregraduálních programech na pedagogické fakultě univerzity Sakarya v Turecku. Metoda. Jako míry byly použity škály sebelitování a sebeznevýhodňování. Vztahy mezi sebelitováním a sebeznevýhodňováním byly zjišťovány korelační analýzou a mnohonásobnou regresní analýzou. Výsledky. Korelační analýza poukázala na negativní vztah faktorů sebelitování: laskavost k sobě, běžná lidskost a dbalost a pozitivní vztah faktorů sebelitování: sebeposouzení, izolace a přehnaná identifikace, k sebeznevýhodňování. Podle výsledků regresní analýzy bylo sebeznevýhodňování pozitivně predikováno sebeposouzením, izolací a přehnanou identifikací. Běžná lidskost negativně predikovala sebeznevýhodňování. Sebelitování vysvětlilo 51% rozptylu sebe znevýhodňování. Omezení. Získané výsledky by neměly být zobecňovány jak na univerzitní studenty, tak na jiné studentské populace, protože data byla sbírána pouze na univerzitě Sakarya v Turecku. Data o sebelitování a sebeznevýhodňování jsou omezena na subjektivní výpovědi a nevyužívala kvalitativní míry těchto proměnných., Background. A growing body of research has found that higher self-compassion is associated with greater psychological and cognitive well-being. Therefore self-compassion can be considered as playing an important role on selfhandicapping, while different dimensions of self-compassion may play different roles. However there is no research that investigated the possible links between these variables. Purpose. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between self-compassion and self-handicapping. Participants. Participants were 408 university students – 201 (49%) were female and 207 (51%) were male – who enrolled in various undergraduate programs at Sakarya University Faculty of Education, Turkey. Method. The Self-compassion Scale and the Self-handicapping Scale were used as measures. The relationships between self-compassion and self-handicapping were examined using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results. In correlation analysis, self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness factors of self-compassion were found negatively and selfjudgment, isolation, and over-identification factors of self-compassion were found positively related to self-handicapping. According to regression results, self-handicapping was predicted positively by self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification. Further common humanity predicted self-handicapping in a negative way. Self-compassion has explained 51% of the variance in self-handicapping. Limitations. The results obtained in this study should not be generalized either to all university students or to other student populations, since the data were collected at just one campus in Sakarya University, Turkey. Also the data reported here for self-compassion and self-handicapping are limited to self-reported data and did not use a qualitative measure of these variables., Ümran Akin, Ahmet Akin., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In Hymenoptera and Heteroptera, the absence of micropyles is one criterion for categorizing an egg as trophic. Undeveloped eggs are observed in more than 90% of the egg clusters of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas. Traditionally, these undeveloped eggs are regarded as "trophic eggs." The surfaces of the eggs of H. axyridis were examined using scanning electron microscopy and the presence of micropyles in the shells of developing and undeveloped eggs determined. Micropyles are circularly distributed around the top of eggs and present in both developing and undeveloped eggs. The number of micropyles in the shells of developing and undeveloped eggs did not differ significantly. Our results indicate that the undeveloped eggs of H. axyridis have micropyles, suggesting that the mechanisms regulating the production of undeveloped eggs in H. axyridis differ from those resulting in the production of trophic eggs by Hymenoptera and Heteroptera.
Background: The data on the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with HIV/AIDS vary. Even though some authors have reported higher prevalence of high blood pressure and systemic arterial hypertension in this group, compared to the prevalence of AH in subjects without infection, other studies have found similar prevalence of AH between men and women with HIV and individuals without the infection. In Uzbekistan such researches were not conducted yet. Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of prevalence of arterial hypertension and its risk factors at the HIV-positive persons of Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan. Methods:A cross-sectional study aligned to a cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS. The study considered hypertension at levels ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drugs and prehypertension at levels > 120/80 mmHg. Results: Out of this total, 138 patients (48%) were male and 149 were female (52%); 65% of them were 40 years-old or younger, and other 35% were over 40 years of age. Among the individuals evaluated, 184 (64.1%) had blood pressure within the normal range, 62 (21.6%) were considered prehypertensive, and 41 (14.3%) were considered hypertensive. Twenty five patients (61%) knew they had hypertension, and 9 of them (36.0%) used antihypertensive medication on a continuous basis. The blood pressure levels were controlled in only 5 (20.0%) patients that knew that they were hypertensive. Conclusion: Among HIV-infected persons, 21.6% were considered prehypertensive, and 14.3% were considered hypertensive. It is important to warn clinicians who provide care to HIV/AIDS patients that such patients are not only individuals infected with a potentially fatal virus, but, despite the benefit of new antiretroviral therapies, they are also patients whose prognosis may be affected by comorbidities, such as hypertension., Mirzoulugbek Mirsaydullaev, Nematjon Mamasaliev, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem studie je stanovit prevalenci chronického selhání ledvin u 101 pacientů s monoklonální gamapatií neurčeného významu (MGUS). Typ studie: retrospektivní studie. Materiál a metody: Porovnali jsme glomerulární filtraci odhadovanou ze sérového kreatininu a cystatinu C a hodnotili jsme korelaci mezi koncentrací volných lehkých řetězců v séru a funkcí ledvin. U všech pacientů jsme provedli elektroforézu pro - teinů séra s denzitometrickou kvantifikací monoklonálního imunoglobulinu a změřili jsme koncentraci kreatininu, cystatinu C, volných lehkých řetězců kappa a lambda, β 2 mikroglobulinu. Výsledky: Chronické selhání ledvin jsme nalezli u 38,6 % pacientů na základě odhadu ze sérového cystatinu C a u 34,6 % pacientů na základě odhadu ze sérového kreatininu. B2mikroglobulin má největší počet významných korelací; cystatin C (0,90), CysC GFR (-0,69), Kreatinin (0,70), MDRD GFR (-0,60), MIg koncentrace (0,24), κ FLC (0,22) λ FLC (0,34) a věk (0,40). Tento velký počet korelací lze vysvětlit tím, že β 2mikroglobulin odráží jak zátěž organismu maligními buňkami, tak pokles glomerulární filtrace. Závěr: Chronické selhání ledvin jsme nalezli u 38,6 % pacientů při odhadu glomerulární filtrace z cystatinu C a u 34,6 % při odhadu ze sérového kreatininu. Třída monoklonálního imunoglobulinu může mít vliv na výsledky odhadu glomerulární filtrace ze sérového cystatinu C, odhad glomerulární filtrace ze sérového kreatininu není ovlivněn třídou imunoglobulinu. Diabetici neměli statisticky signifikantně nižší glomerulární filtraci než pacienti bez diabetu mellitu., Background: Renal function is more frequently decreased in patients with monoclonal gammopathy. 10 % of patients with multiple myeloma present with acute renal failure and renal function is included in CRAB criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of chronic renal failure (CRF), defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 1.0 ml/s/1.73m 2 , in 101 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Design: retrospective study Material and methods: We compared GFR estimates from serum creatinine (MDRD GFR) and serum cystatin C (CysC GFR) and looked at the correlation between free light chains (FLC) concentration and renal markers. We performed serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) with quantification of monoclonal intact immunoglobulin (MIg) and measured serum creatinine, cysta - tin C, κ and λ FLC and β 2microglobulin in all patients. Results: We found CRF in 38.6% patients using estimation from serum cystatin C and 34.6 % using estimation from serum creatinine. B2microglobulin has the highest number of significant correlations; cystatin C (0.90), CysC GFR (-0.69), crea - tinine (0.70), MDRD GFR (-0.60), MIg concentration (0.24), κ FLC (0.22) λ FLC (0.34) and age (0.40). The best correlation results may be explained by the fact that β 2microglobulin reflects both malignant cells burden and renal function. Conclusions: We found CRF in 38.6 % MGUS patients using estimation from serum cystatin C and in 34.6 % using estima - tion from serum creatinine. The class of monoclonal immunoglobulin may influence results of glomerular filtration estimated from cystatin C but it does not influence GFR estimated from creatinine. Diabetic patients had not significantly lower GFR than patients without diabetes mellitus., Šálek T., Moravčíková D., Humpolíček P., Tichý M., Palička V., and Literatura
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among Czech dentists and to analyze the factors that affect these disorders. Information was gathered through questionnaire completed by 581 physicians. The questionnaire ascertained general information about physicians including their work habits and the characteristics of their work environment along with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems as well as their intensity. In the past year the occurrence of at least mild difficulties associated with the locomotive system was reported by 96.9% of dentists surveyed (n = 557), with 66.3% of respondents (n = 381) reporting difficulties ofa moderate or major nature. Most respondents of both sexes indicated neck pain. A statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints of medium and major intensity was demonstrated for the following factors: sex, age, running a private practice, past injury or musculoskeletal diseases, and the perception of work as psychologically demanding. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Czech Republic are relatively frequent and serious health problem. The causes of these diseases must be identified and appropriate preventive interventions undertaken that will contribute to a reduction in the incidence of these problems. and Z. Sustová, L. Hodacová, M. Kapitán
Legal responsibility is important element of legal development of every state. Authors consider theprinciple of subsidiarity in the aspects of the legal development. There are many problems in this field. Authorsuppose that main problem in this case is a providing of obey law. Legal responsibility is basic legal instrumentfor providing of obey law.
The article concerns a legal way of election the President in the Polish legal order between second world war. The April Constitution 1935, which made the head of state the most powerful body, tried to reflect the political orientation of its creators. The Constitution from 1935 was made personally for Józef Piłsudski. The political option, ruling Poland after 1926, had to construct the wise of president election, which would be secure for the this option.