A myxosporean producing actinospores of the tetractinomyxon type in Hydroides norvegicus Gunnerus (Serpulidae) in Denmark was identified as a member of the family Parvicapsulidae based on small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. Myxosporean samples from various Danish and Norwegian marine fishes were examined with primers that detect the novel myxosporean. Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus) and Clupea harengus Linnaeus (Teleostei, Clupeidae) were found to be infected. The sequences of this parvicapsulid from these hosts were consistently slightly different (0.8% divergence), but both these genotypes were found in H. norvegicus. Disporic trophozoites and minute spores of a novel myxosporean type were observed in the renal tubules of some of the hosts found infected through PCR. The spores appear most similar to those of species of Gadimyxa Køie, Karlsbakk et Nylund, 2007, but are much smaller. The actinospores of the tetractinomyxon type from H. norvegicus have been described previously. In GenBank, the SSU rDNA sequences of Parvicapsulidae gen. sp. show highest identity (82%) with Parvicapsula minibicornis Kent, Whitaker et Dawe, 1997 infecting salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in fresh water in the western North America. A phylogenetic analysis places P. minibicornis and Parvicapsulidae gen. sp. in a sister clade to the other parvicapsulids (Parvicapsula spp. and Gadimyxa spp.).
Autologous vein grafts used as aortocoronary bypasses are often prone to intimal hyperplasia, which results in stenosis and occlusion of the vein. The aim of this study was to prevent intimal hyperplasia using a newly developed perivascular system with sustained release of sirolimus. This system of controlled drug release consists of a polyester mesh coated with a copolymer of L-lactic acid and ε -caprolactone that releases sirolimus. The mesh is intended for wrapping around the vein graft during surgery. The mesh releasing sirolimus was implanted in periadventitial position onto arteria carotis communis of rabbits, and neointimal hyperplasia was then assessed. We found that implanted sirolimus-releasing meshes reduced intima thickness by 47±10 % compared to a vein graft after 3 weeks. The pure polyester mesh decreased vein intima thickness by 35±9 %. Thus, our periadventitial system for controlled release of sirolimus prevented the develo pment of intimal hyperplasia in autologous vein grafts in vivo in rabbits. A perivascularly applied mesh releasing sirolimus is a promising device for preventing stenosis of autologous vein grafts., I. Skalský ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
We mainly prove: Assume that each output function of DCNN is bounded on R and satisfies the Lipschitz condition, if is a periodic function with period ω each i, then DCNN has a unique ω-period solution and all other solutions of DCNN converge exponentially to it, where is a Lipschitz constant of for i=1,2,...,n.
We report on detailed studies of the absorption line spectrum and spectroscopic orbit of the binary BN2.5Ib star HD 235679. We also give ao preliminary report on our study of the Hα emission line profiles from this perplexing system. Hipparcos and Tycho2 astrometric data allow us to place limits on the distance to the system. The lack of a measurable reflection effect in the Hipparcos photometry allows us to rule out the possibility that the massive invisible star is cool and fills its Roche lobe. Thus, by process of elimination, the invisible star must be hot or a black hole. The properties of the Hα profiles suggest that the invisible star is somewhat hotter, and has a stronger wind than HD235679.
The present paper studies the \textit{approximate value iteration} (AVI) algorithm for the average cost criterion with bounded costs and Borel spaces. It is shown the convergence of the algorithm and provided a performance bound assuming that the model satisfies a standard continuity-compactness assumption and a uniform ergodicity condition. This is done for the class of approximation procedures that can be represented by linear positive operators which give exact representation of constant functions and also satisfy certain continuity property. The main point is that these operators define transition probabilities on the state space of the controlled system. This has the following important consequences: (a) the approximating function is the average value of the target function with respect to the induced transition probability; (b) the approximation step in the AVI algorithm can be seen as a perturbation of the original Markov model; (c) the perturbed model inherits the ergodicity properties imposed on the original Markov model. These facts allow to bound the AVI algorithm performance in terms of the accuracy of the approximations given by this kind of operators for the primitive data model, namely, the one-step reward function and the system transition law. The bounds are given in terms of the supremum norm of bounded functions and the total variation norm of finite-signed measures. The results are illustrated with numerical approximations for a class of single item inventory systems with linear order cost, no set-up cost and no back-orders.
There are nine antirealist explanations of the success of science in the literature. I raise difficulties against all of them except the latest one, and then construct a pessimistic induction that the latest one will turn out to be problematic because its eight forerunners turned out to be problematic. This pessimistic induction is on a par with the traditional pessimistic induction that successful present scientific theories will be revealed to be false because successful past scientific theories were revealed to be false., V literatuře existuje devět antirealistických vysvětlení úspěchu vědy. Vyvolávám obtíže proti všem, s výjimkou posledního, a pak buduji pesimistickou indukci, že poslední z nich bude problematická, protože osm předchůdců se ukázalo jako problematické. Tato pesimistická indukce je na stejné úrovni s tradiční pesimistickou indukcí, že úspěšné současné vědecké teorie budou odhaleny jako nepravdivé, protože úspěšné minulé vědecké teorie byly odhaleny jako nepravdivé., and Seungbae Park
Motivated by applications to transition semigroups, we introduce the notion of a norming dual pair and study a Pettis-type integral on such pairs. In particular, we establish a sufficient condition for integrability. We also introduce and study a class of semigroups on such dual pairs which are an abstract version of transition semigroups. Using our results, we give conditions ensuring that a semigroup consisting of kernel operators has a Laplace transform which also consists of kernel operators. We also provide conditions under which a semigroup is uniquely determined by its Laplace transform.
A phycoerythrin-allophycocyanin (PE-AP) complex was obtained from intact phycobilisomes of the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata. Study of spectral properties and polypeptide components showed that the complex contains PE, phycocyanin, AP, and higher proportional linker proteins of the four groups present in intact phycobilisomes. and Li Sun, Shumei Wang.
The parasitic caterpillars of Maculinea (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) need to be adopted and nursed by ants of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Each Maculinea species is locally associated with one or a few main and often several secondary host species. To determine whether the parasite-host associations bear marks of cophylogenetic constraints, we reconstructed phylogenies of Maculinea and Myrmica using DNA sequence data. We searched for evidence of cospeciation with a tree-independent (ParaFit) and tree-based (TreeFitter) method. This did not reveal any indication of phylogenetic host tracking in Maculinea. This agrees with earlier insights, which emphasise that as most of the potential host ant populations are never infested by Maculinea, the selective pressure of the butterflies on Myrmica is likely to be slight. Each Maculinea species also specialises on one or a few host plant species before adoption by ants. We suggest that Maculinea species have a substantial potential to accommodate evolutionarily to geographically changing ranges of potential Myrmica hosts, available at the oviposition sites of the butterflies. We use recently published evidence on geographically varying host ant species to discuss a suite of plausible scenarios of adaptive shifts to new Myrmica host species. and Gunther Jansen, Kari Vepsäläinen, Riitta Savolainen.
This note is concerned with a fragmentary gold covered disk brooch which comes from the hill-top settlement of Rubín u Podbořan, a site with evidence of occupation from the later prehistoric to post-Roman phases. Previously published as Roman in date there are strong arguments for relating this piece to a class of early La Tène brooches or mounts normally associated with élite burials or other higher status locations. and Předmětem tohoto příspěvku je fragment pozlacené terčovité spony z výšinného sídliště Rubín u Podbořan, lokality s doklady osídlení od mladšího pravěku. Spona byla v literatuře dříve označována jako římská, nicméně existují pádné důvody ji řadit do kategorie časně laténských spon, obvykle nacházených v elitních pohřbech či jiných prestižních kontextech.