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2642. Adaptive significance of the prolonged diapause in the western Mediterranean lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
- Creator:
- Obregón, Rafael, Haeger, Juan Fernández, and Jordano, Diego
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, konkurence, motýli, competition, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Tomares ballus, prolonged diapause, evolutive adaptation, changing environment, parasitoids, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Diapause is a common dormancy strategy exhibited by many species of invertebrates and insects to temporarily avoid seasonally recurring unfavourable conditions for their development, most usually in winter. Less frequently, a prolonged diapause lasting two or more years is described in species living in unpredictable environments where it is adaptive, but with significant costs. In this paper we examine the occurrence of prolonged diapause in the lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus. Pupae of this species undergo an obligate diapause from mid-May to late January the following year. However, during our rearing experiments (from 2009 to 2016) the emergence of adults occurred sequentially and a fraction of the pupae remained in diapause for up to seven years. The annual percentage emergence after the first year of diapause was 45.6%, and only barely exceeded 50.0% in 2015. Remarkably, 12 pupae (11.4% of the initial brood) remained in diapause in their eighth year. The negative exponential equation fitted to the emergence data suggests that further emergences may occur within the next five years. Therefore, the potential for successful prolonged diapause of T. ballus pupae may be more than 10 years. The adaptive value of this strategy is discussed in relation to the effects of adverse and unpredictable weather during the flight period of the butterfly, intra-guild competition, parasitoids and changes in habitat quality. We suggest that this strategy may also be exhibited by other species of Mediterranean lycaenids., Rafael Obregón, Juan Fernández Haeger, Diego Jordano., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2643. Adaptive stochastic management of the storage function for a large, open reservoir using learned fuzzy models
- Creator:
- Kozel, Tomas and Stary, Milos
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- stochastic, artificial intelligence, storage function, and optimisation
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The design and evaluation of algorithms for adaptive stochastic control of the reservoir function of a water reservoir using an artificial intelligence method (learned fuzzy model) are described in this article. This procedure was tested on the Vranov reservoir (Czech Republic). Stochastic model results were compared with the results of deterministic management obtained using the method of classical optimisation (differential evolution). The models used for controlling of reservoir outflow used single quantile from flow duration curve values or combinations of quantile values from flow duration curve for determination of controlled outflow. Both methods were also tested on forecast data from real series (100% forecast). Finally, the results of the dispatcher graph, adaptive deterministic control and adaptive stochastic control were compared. Achieved results of adaptive stochastic management were better than results provided by dispatcher graph and provide inspiration for continuing research in the field.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2644. Adaptive tracking via pinning in networks of nonidentical nodes
- Creator:
- Barajas-Ramírez, Juan Gonzalo
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- complex networks, tracking problem, pinning control, and adaptive control
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We investigate the control of dynamical networks for the case of nodes, that although different, can be make passive by feedback. The so-called V-stability characterization allows for a simple set of stabilization conditions even in the case of nonidentical nodes. This is due to the fact that under V-stability characterization the dynamical difference between node of a network reduces to their different passivity degrees, that is, a measure of the required feedback gain necessary to make the node stable at a desired solution. We propose a pinning control strategy that extends this approach to solve the tracking problem, furthermore using an adaptive controller approach we provide a methodology to impose a common reference trajectory to a network of different nodes by pinning only a few of them to the desired solution. We illustrate our results with numerical simulation of well-known benchmark systems.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2645. Adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system models for narrow aperture dimension calculation of optimum gain pyramidal horns
- Creator:
- Guney , Kerim and Sarikaya, Nurcan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Pyramidal horn, narrow aperture dimension, neuro-fuzzy inference system, ANFIS, and microwave antennas
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A method based on the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented for computing the narrow aperture dimension of the pyramidal horn. Eight optimization algorithms, least-squares, hybrid learning, Nelder-Mead, genetic, differential evolution, particle swarm, simulated annealing, and clonal selection, are used to optimally determine the design parameters of the ANFIS. The narrow aperture dimension computed by using the ANFIS is used in the optimum gain pyramidal horn design. The computed gains of the designed pyramidal horns are in a very good agreement with the desired gains. When the performances of ANFIS models are compared with each other, the best result is obtained from the ANFIS model trained by the least-squares algorithm.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2646. Adaptivity and truth. A critique of Plantinga’s reasoning against evolutionary reliabilism
- Creator:
- Fábiková, Andrea
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Alvin Plantinga, Darwin’s doubt, evolutionary reliabilism, and the evolutionary argument against naturalism
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper analyses the arguments put forward by Plantinga to justify his refutation of evolutionary reliabilism, i.e. the claim that the probability that the cognitive faculties, developed in the process of unguided evolution, are reliable is low. I argue that all the thought experiments offered by Plantinga to justify this thesis suffer from a common defect – they disregard the condition of evolution or fail to take it into account properly. In addition, I argue that pointing out the difficulties that naturalistic approaches have in explaining mental causation does not lead to Plantinga’s conclusion that in a naturalistic world there would be no mental causation whatsoever.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2647. Adaptivní administrace NEO PI-R: výhody a omezení
- Creator:
- Jelínek, Martin, Květon, Petr, and Vobořil, Dalibor
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- adaptivní testování, teorie odpovědi na položku, NEO PI-R, CATo, adaptive testing, and item response theory
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Adaptivně administrované testy s dichotomně skórovanými položkami jsou již v odborné literatuře poměrně dobře popsány a v praxi jsou stále častěji využívány. Předložená studie popisuje a hlouběji analyzuje možnosti adaptivní administrace testů s polytomními položkami, které jsou nejčastěji využívány v široké oblasti diagnostiky osobnosti. Na základě rozboru adaptivní administrace testu NEO PI-R jsou prozkoumány výhody a nevýhody tohoto přístupu. Adaptivní administrace ve srovnání s plnou délkou testu úspěšně rekonstruuje úroveň všech měřených rysů, a to za použití výrazně nižšího počtu položek. Výrazným problémem je však nadužívání několika málo položek, které jsou charakteristické vysokou mírou rozlišovací účinnosti. Pro studii byl využit reprezentativní soubor osob, který byl sestaven za účelem standardizace dotazníku NEO PI-R v českých podmínkách (N = 2084). and Adaptive administration of NEO PI-R: limits and benefits Adaptively administered tests with dichotomously scored items are already well described in the relevant literature and used in practice. The presented study analyses the possibilities of adaptive administration of test with polytomous items, which are commonly used in personality testing. Based on analysis of simulated adaptive administration of NEO PI-R, the limits and benefits of this approach are discussed. It was found that adaptive administration successfully and more effectively reconstructs the level of measured traits ADAPTIVNÍ ADMINISTRACE NEO PI-R: VÝHODY A OMEZENÍ1 MARTIN JELÍNEK, PETR KVĚTON, DALIBOR VOBOŘIL Psychologický ústav AV ČR, Brno in comparison with full scale administration. On the other hand, significant problem consists in overexposure of several items with highest item discrimination power. Representative sample built for the purposes of Czech standardization of NEO PI-R was used (N = 2084).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2648. Adaptivní fylogeografie: od molekulárních markerů k funkčním genům
- Creator:
- Kotlík, Petr, Marková, Silvia, Filipi, Karolína, Strážnická, Michaela, and Searle, Jeremy B.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, fylogeografie, adaptace živočichů, savci, genetika živočichů, animal adaptation, biology, phylogeography, mammals, animal genetics, Velká Británie, Great Britain, adaptivní fylogeografie, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Dlouhou dobu se předpokládalo, že populace obývající určitá území Evropy také tato území na konci doby ledové kolonizovaly jako první. Nové výzkumy však ukázaly, že v některých případech byla první příchozí populace později nahrazena jinou, pocházející z jiného glaciálního refugia. Náš článek ukazuje, že k takovému nahrazení jedné populace druhou došlo při kolonizaci Velké Británie norníkem rudým (Clethrionomys glareolus) a že při tom hrály roli fyziologické adaptace způsobené mutací v hemoglobinu., It has long been assumed that the populations that first colonized particular empty territory after the last ice age have remained there until the present day. However, recent findings in small mammals suggest that replacements involving a population from one glacial refugium at the cost of a population from another refugium may have been a not infrequent event. The article demonstrates that such population replacement took place during post-glacial colonization of Great Britain by the Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and that physiological differences conferred by haemoglobin have probably played a role in this process., and Petr Kotlík, Silvia Marková, Karolína Filipi, Michaela Strážnická, Jeremy B. Searle.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2649. Adaptivní optika - ovládnutí fáze světla
- Creator:
- Pilař, Jan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- optika, optics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Během posledních třiceti let se adaptivní optika proměnila z vysoce sofistikované, nákladné a utajované technologie v běžnou součást pozemských teleskopů, mikroskopů, laserových systémů či nastupujících systémů pro satelitní komunikaci. Podívejme se zblízka na technologie, které byly pro její účely vyvinuty a stojí za jejím úspěchem., In the last thirty years adaptive optics have transformed from a highly sophisticated, expensive and secret technology into a common component of earth-bound telescopes, microscopes, laser systems or emerging systems for satellite communication. Let‘s take a closer look at these technologies which have been developed within this field and stands behind its success., Jan Pilař., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2650. Adaptivní optika v astronomii
- Creator:
- Řeháček, Jaroslav and Stoklasa, Bohumil
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, astronomie, adaptivní optika, physics, astronomy, optics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Adaptavní optické systémy se vyznačují schopností měnit své optické vlastnosti na požádání a v reálném čase. V tomto příspěvku jsou diskutovány základní prvky adaptivních optických systémů využívaných v astronomii ke kompenzaci vlivu atmosféry na zobrazení velkých pozemských teleskopů., Adaptive optical systems are those whose optical responses can be adjusted on demand, in real time. Here we discuss the basics of adaptive optical systems utilised in astronomy for compensation of aberrations due to atmospheric turbulence, which seriously impairs the performance of uncorrected large ground-based telescopes., Jaroslav Řeháček, Bohumil Stoklasa., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public