The development of the nematode Anguillicola crassus, a swimbladder parasite of eels, was experimentally studied in copepod intermediate hosts Cyclops strenuus and Acanthocyclops vernalis. The copepods, kept at a laboratory temperature of 20-22 °C, were infected with nematode second-stage larvae; the second moult of larvae (the only one in the intermediate host) was observed to start 10 days p,i„ but third-stage larvae liberated from their cuticular sheath were first observed 20 days p.i. These proved to be infective for experimental eels. Free second-stage larvae as well as larvae from copepods were described. The morphology of A. crassus larvae and the mode of their development in the intermediate host were compared with those of other dracunculoid nematodes. From this point of view, Anguillicola members appear to represent an ancient group of dracunculoid nematodes.
A description is given of the life cycle of the nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rebecae (Andrade-Salas, Pineda-Lopez et García-Magafia, 1994), an intestinal parasite of cichlids in Mexico. The copepod Mesocyclnps sp. was found to be a suitable experimental intermediate host. After the copepod’s ingestion of free first-stage larvae of the nematode, these enter the haemocoel of the intermediate host; they moult twice (on the 3rd and 5-6th day p.i. at 21-22”C) before they attain the third, infective stage. The third-stage larva already possesses the large buccal capsule without spiral thickenings and its tail tip bears three cuticular spines. The larvae undergo two additional moults (13-14 days and 42 days p.i.) in the definitive host (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) before changing to adults; the prepatent period is about 2-3 months. Experimental infection of guppies, Poecilia reticulata, have shown that these fishes may become paratenic (metaparatenic) hosts of this parasite. The morphology of individual larval stages of this nematode is described.
Harrisovská transformační gramatika a z ní vycházející francouzská škola Maurice Grosse a Gastona Grosse zavedly pojem tzv. verbe support (zhruba odpovídající pojmu kategoriálního slovesa) pro slovesa vyskytující se ve verbonominálních konstrukcích. Tato slovesa nejsou sama o sobé predikáty, nýbrž pouze aktualizují nominální predikát. Syntakticko-sémantická povaha daného predikativního substantiva určuje výbér příslušného kategoriálního slovesa. Článek ukazuje, že vzhledem к tomu, že v italštině se zdá být tvoření těchto predikativních substantiv (deverbálních a denominálních) produktivním procesem, je možné pokusit se navrhnout některá syntakticko-sémantická kritéria výběru příslušného kategoriálního slovesa. Tyto syntakticko-sémantické podmínky jsou hypoteticky formulovány pro dvě běžná a základní kategoriální slovesa: fare a dare.