On the basis of the theory of Benedict Anderson on the „imagined political community“, the work analyses the processes of construction of bodily ideal and movement patterns in physical exercises of the Czech sport association Sokol („Eagle“). Through gymnastics based on Greek mythology and Plato, through large-scale floor exercises, through paramilitary marches, body became a tool for constructing national identity. Through ritualized exercise and the use of body symbolics, body became „nationally encoded“. However, Anderson’s concept of „imagined community“ does not suffice for an explication of the fact that at the end of the nineteenth century Sokol achieved great increase of members. Especially for young gymnasts of both sexes membership in the association entailed the fulfillment of concrete social and psychological needs. Contact with coevals and pubertal search for one’s own identity were equally important in mass integration into Sokol as individual pursuit of better performance. The author raises a query if the perception of Sokol as „popular“ (instead of „national“) movement represents a meaningful cathegorial enlargement. Dance figures and Greek myths dealing with the purity of the body indicate a „popular“ ideology of the association, separated from the political ideas of modem nation.
The fine structure is described of a new nonphotosynthctic flagellate, named Desmomonas prorhynchi gen. et sp. n„ cndoparasitic in the lecilhoepilheliate turbellarian Prorhynchus sp. The flagellates surround cell masses enveloped by a protective wall, to which adhere many small, regularly arranged cylindroid bodies; these structures are reminiscent of epicuticular projections characterising the body walls of some oligochaetes and polychaetes. The cells of a cell mass arc joined to the enveloping wall by spot hemidesmosomes. Their cytoplasm contains Golgi systems, mitochondria, fibrillar dense bodies, paired centrioles, and rod-shaped bacteria. Certain cells possess four ccntrioles. Ü. prorhynchi bears two flagella, and is attached temporarily to a cell mass by an anterior process ending at a highly organised desmosome. The flagellate plasma membrane has a fuzzy coating. Hair-like plasmalcmmal extensions project from the base of the anterior process. A mitochondrial derivative containing dense spheres lies some distance from the flagellar basal bodies. There is no Golgi apparatus. Other cytoplasmic constituents of the flagellate morphology are vacuoles, and microneme-like bodies. The two flagella, similar and without paraxial rods, arise from a flagellar pocket; neither is recurrent. The new protist cannot at present be assigned to any existing zoomastigophorean order.
Maritrema orensensis sp. n. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Balneario Orcnsc, Buenos Aires province, Argentina, is described. Adults of M. orensensis were collected from the intestine of the kelp gull Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823 (Aves: Laridae) and differ from adults of other related species, principally, in the shorter intestinal caeca and the incomplete ring of vitelline follicles.
Faecal samples from 23 adult and 20 young captive Yemen chameleons, Chamaeleo calyptratus Duméril et Duméril, 1851, were examined for coccidian parasites. Two of the adult (8.7 %) and 16 (80.0 %) of the young chameleons were found to be passing oocysts of the Isospora species. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora jaracimrmani sp. n. are ellipsoidal or pyriform, 38.4 x 25.6 (35.2-42.8 x 23.8-27.0) pm, with smooth bilayered and colourless oocyst wall. A micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal to ovoid, 15.9 x 11.2 (14.8-17.0 x 10.4-12.0) pm, with dome-like Stieda and homogenous spherical substieda bodies. The posterior end of the sporocyst is draw out. Sporocyst residuum is present, consisting either of a compact mass or of scattered granules. Sporozoites, with faint transverse striations anteriorly, are vermiform, 13.1 x 3.4 (12.4-16.5 x 2.8-4.0) pm. Most oocysts are to sporulate when excreted; sporulation was completed within 12 to 24 h at 25 ± 2"C. Endogenous stages develop inside the nuclei of enterocytes in the small intestine. Prepatent period in experimentally infected young chameleon was 7 days. Comparison with other species of the genus Isospora found in chameleons indicates that it is a new species.
Skrjabinodon alcaraziensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) is described from the cloaca of Algyroides marchi Vaiverde, 1958 (Sauria: Lacertidae) from the Alcaraz Mountains (SE Iberian Peninsula). This nematode is characterized by the presence of an unpaired postcloacal papilla in the males, the presence of cuticular spines in the tail of the female and the absence of polar plugs in the eggs.