BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious health issue and one of the world most devastating epidemics. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 37 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic has begun. HIV infection is known for its oral manifestations which causes discomfort and pain for infected individuals. The objective of this study was to document oral conditions of HIV positive patients and the pattern and frequency of oral and dental lesions. METHODS: All patients with confirmed HIV infection who were treated at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, 29 HIV positive patients were examined and treated--19 men, 10 women, with mean age of 32.9 years (range 22-58 years). 72.41% patients received ART. In total, all patients underwent 186 visits. The most frequent treatments were associated with teeth and periodontal lesions (71.80%), oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed and treated only in 3.96% cases. CONCLUSION: Since the introduction of ART, the frequency of oral mucosal lesions is minimal in patients with HIV infection. and M. Šembera, V. Radochová, R. Slezák
Příspěvek prezentuje výsledky výzkumu, jehož cílem bylo podrobné mapování vnitřního světa myšlení a prožívání depresivních jedinců. Cílem byla snaha odhalit společné prvky, které by lépe pomohly poznat strukturu prožívání „depresivního modu života“. Výzkum proběhl v Psychiatrickém centru Praha se čtyřmi respondenty. Za pomoci metody zakotvené teorie a diskurzivní analýzy byl odhalen specifický způsob depresivního myšlení a prožívání self a vnějšího světa. Depresivní jedinci projevují deficit ve schopnosti introspekce. Nevnímají sami sebe jako autory vlastních životů. Smysl svých životů vkládají do externích odcizených cílů. Kombinace těchto atributů byla shledána jako možná psychogenní příčina deprese. Výsledky výzkumu jsou srovnávány s koncepcí morálního masochismu E. Fromma a energetického modelu libida C. G. Junga, které se navzájem doplňují a rozvíjejí nalezené poznatky., This study aims to explore the inner world of people suffering from depression. The main goal lied an attempt to explore a structure of „depressive mode of life“ in a way it is experienced by depressive individuals. Four people hospitalized in Prague Psychiatric Centre were interviewed. Methods of Grounded theory and discursive analysis revealed specific features common for „depressive way of thinking“. Results of the study showed that depressive individuals manifest deficit in introspection. They do not perceive themselves as the authors of their lives and they manifest a tendency to look for external and estranged meanings of life. Combination of these attributes was found to be possible psychological cause leading towards the outburst of depressive disorder. Research results were found to be similar with E. Fromm´s concept of moral masochism and C.G. Jung´s energetic model of libido. Both models were created by the authors to explain dynamics of depression., and Magda Bartošková, Vladimír Chrz