If our mental attitudes were reasons, we could bootstrap anything into rationality simply by acquiring these mental attitudes. This, it has been argued, shows that mental attitudes cannot be reasons. In this paper, I focus on John Broome’s development of the bootstrapping objection. I distinguish various versions of this objection and I argue that the bootstrapping objection to mind-based accounts of reasons fails in all its versions., Kdyby naše duševní postoje byly důvody, mohli bychom se dostat do racionality jednoduše tím, že bychom získali tyto mentální postoje. To, jak bylo argumentováno, ukazuje, že duševní postoje nemohou být důvody. V tomto příspěvku se zaměřuji na vývoj námitek bootstrappingu Johna Broomeho. Rozlišuji různé verze této námitky a argumentuji tím, že námitka bootstrappingu proti účtům založeným na myslích selhává ve všech jejích verzích., and Christian Piller
Příspěvek Jana Bati je zprávou o mezinárodní muzikologické konferenci, která se uskutečnila v chorvatském Dubrovníku ve dnech 26. až 28. března 2012., Jan Baťa., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
The paper deals with a special way of the construction of the boundary conditions for the compressible gas flow. The solution of the Riemann problem is used at the boundary. It can be shown, that the unknown one-side initial condition for this problem can be partially replaced by the suitable complementary condition. Authors work with such complementary conditions (by the preference of pressure, velocity, total quantities,...) in order to match the physically relevant data. Algorithms were coded and used within the own developed code for the solution of the Euler, NS, and the RANS equations, using the finite volume method. Numerical example shows superior behavior of these boundary conitions in comparison with some other boundary conditions. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The main purpose of this paper is to prove the boundedness of the multidimensional Hardy type operator in weighted Lebesgue spaces with a variable exponent. As an application we prove the boundedness of certain sublinear operators on the weighted variable Lebesgue space.
The boundednees of multilinear commutators of Calderón-Zygmund singular integrals on Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent is obtained. The multilinear commutators of generalized Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator are also considered.
The Treaty on Friendship, Mutual Assistance and Postwar Cooperation between the Czechoslovak Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics signed on 12 December 1943 in Moscow had a fundamental impact on the orientation of Czechoslovak foreign policy at the end of the war and in the years that followed. At the same time, the lengthy negotiations in 1943, which ultimately resulted in signing the treaty in question, were one of the few moments during the war when Czechoslovakia became the object of an opinion clash between the Great Powers. In this study, which is based primarily on British and US documents (some of which have not been used before), the author analyses in detail the role of the Czechoslovak-Soviet treaty project in the policies of the two Western powers until the signing of the document, before assessing the impact of the treaty in concern on Czechoslovakia’s relations with the United Kingdom and the United States at the end of the war. He points out that neither the British nor the Americans were prepared to conclude a similar treaty with Czechoslovakia since both Western powers wanted the international security system to be based on foundations different from those which had repeatedly failed during the previous three decades. However, the signing of the Czechoslovak-Soviet Treaty dramatically reduced any chance for a federative or confederative arrangement in the region of Central Europe, as well as hopes for a multilateral treaty of alliance ensuring security in this region. For this reason, it was accepted without enthusiasm both in London and in Washington.
At present, wave measurements in the space plasma are one of the most important ways of studying plasma processes resulting from interaction between solar wind and the geomagnetosphere. Wave measurements made aboard some space vehicles usually included the measurement of electric and magnetic field spectra (by one component) within a range of frequencies from 5 Hz to plasma frequency of tens of kHz.
C4 photosynthetic pathway and life form were determined for 159 species in 71 genera and 13 families in the grassland of North China. 45 % of the C4 species were found in Graminae, 19 % in each of Cyperaceae and Chenopodiaceae. More than 51 % of these C4 species were in therophyta and 36 % hemicryptophyta, while fewer species were in nanophanerophyta (9 %) or geophyta (5 %). The numbers of C4 species and their life forms were closely related with grassland deterioration and succession in North China. This indicated that the C4 species had greater capacity to tolerate environmental stress (e.g. drought and salinity) caused by animal grazing and cultivation.