The following is a slightly revised selection from chapter 4 of Veronika Stoyanova’s recent book Ideology and Social Protests in Eastern Europe: Beyond the Transition’s Liberal Consensus (London: Routledge, 2018). Stoyanova traces discursive developments during the final years of Communist Party rule in Bulgaria and the radical transformations that followed, when the concept of civil society played a central role in emerging justifications of democracy, market reforms, and a certain kind of anti-populist elitism.
Fish are goods, as well as televisions and DVDs with films. Those examples are simple, but what
about the rights for fishing, films transmitted by television signal, or electricity, are they goods or services? The line between these two concepts is not always clear. Is the distinction between goods and services necessary? The introduction of this article examines whether and why there is a need to distinguish goods and services. The second chapter will focus on the definition of goods in the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union2 (hereinafter the Treaty) and in the case law of the Court of Justice (hereinafter the Court). The differences between goods and services will be described in the third chapter illustrated with some examples. The conclusion will provide a simple guideline on how to subsume a case under the Treaty provisions on free movement of goods or services and examine whether the above-mentioned definition is still valid nowadays.
The purpose of this study is to provide new insights into our understanding of Indian traditional concepts of painting and into the painter from the point of view of Sanskrit technical treatises. A number of śilpa śāstras explain the concept of painting by highlighting the divine origin of this art, which is defined in the narrative of two myths and in the establishment of traditional authorities such as Lord Viśvakarman and Nagnajit. Closely linked to the divine origin of this art is that of the auspiciousness attached to painting: the texts in this analysis explain the auspicious and inauspicious characteristics of painting, stressing the importance of concepts such as measurement, proportion, beauty and colors. This study will finally examine the painter himself who is considered by the śilpa śāstras as someone capable of grasping and using all these notions together in a skillful way. This article also seeks to highlight some critical discrepancies between the painter as described in the śilpa śāstras and the painter as described in secondary literature, in which he is sometimes identified with a yogī.
GNSS meteorology is the remote sensing of the atmosphere (particularly troposphere) using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to deliver information about its state. The two currently available navigation satellite systems are the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) maintained by the United States and Russia, respectively. The Galileo navigation satellite system, which is under supervision of the European Space Agency (ESA), is expected to be completed within the time frame of a few years. Continuous observations from GNSS receivers provide an excellent tool for studying the earth’s atmosphere. The GNSS meteorology has reached a point, where there is a need to improve methods not only to compute Integrated Water Vapor over the GNSS receiver, but also to investigate the water vapor distribution in space and time (4DWVD). Since 2008, the new national permanent GNSS network ASG-EUPOS (98 stations) has been established in Poland. 17 Polish stations equipped with GNSS receivers and uniform meteorological sensors work currently in the frame of the European Permanent Network. This paper presents the concept of the integrated investigations for NRT atmosphere model construction based on the GNSS and meteorological observations from ASG-EUPOS stations., Jarosław Bosy, Witold Rohm and Jan Sierny., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In this paper some properties of quadratic forms whose base points lie in the point set Fπ , the fundamental domain of the modular group, and transforming these forms into the reduced forms with the same discriminant ∆ < 0 are given.
The gene for connexin 37 (Cx37) is considered to be one of the candidate genes for cardiovascul ar disease. We evaluated the association between Cx37 (1019C>T) gene polymorphism (Pro319Ser) and ankle brachial blood pressure index (ABI) in women with type 1 (n=178) and ty pe 2 (n=111) diabetes, and in women from general population (n=862). All women were genotyped for Cx37 polymorphism. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, ABI was analyzed. In women with type 1 diabetes, ABI significantly decreased from TT to CC carriers (p for trend= 0.008). A similar trend was seen in women with type 2 diabetes (p=0.050) and in women with waist circumference above 75 th percentile (94 cm; n=208) of the general population (p=0.049). The gene for Cx37 was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in women with type 1 and 2 diabetes and in women with advanced central obesity. The presence of C allele indicated increased risk., J. Piťha, J. A. Hubáček, P. Piťhová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Seismic and rock burst hazards still currently appear to be important in most hard coal mines in Poland. Recently, there has been a significant increase in seismic activity in the Silesian rock mass, in comparison to previous years. In the period 2001-2010, hard coal mines experienced 33 rock bursts. The causes of rock burst occurrences are here presented, based on an analysis of the rock bursts that occurred in Polish hard coal mines. The scale of the rock burst hazard has been characterized with respect to the mining and geological conditions of the existing exploitation. The most essential of the factors influencing the status of rock burst hazard is considered to be the depth of the interval, ranging from 550 m to 1150 m. The basic factors that cause rock burst to occur are as follows: seismogenic strata, edges and remnants, goafs, faults, pillars and excessive panelling. The consequences of rock bursts are damaged and/or destroyed roadways. On this basis, the areas (ranges) of safe zones were selected as being those safe from rock burst hazard in roadways, according to the assessment conducted to establish different degrees of the risk., Renata Patyńska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The traditional notion of Herzl, the symbol, with vague and naive Zionist self-awareness, was abandoned in academic circles some time ago. The question is whether the scarce and fragmented sources on his ideological make-up can serve he purpose of drawing any fundamental conclusions. In spite of the visionary tendencies Herzl displayed, there are intellectual moments in his thinking that deserve attention. His ideas may not be perceived as systematic but they do represent a specific trend in Zionist ideology, as embodied in his notion of the Jews´State. Herzl´s alleged return to Judaism and his often-ignored ideas on social and political issues best demonstrate the consistency of his ideological viewpoint.