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67642. The Denjoy extension of the Riemann and McShane integrals
- Creator:
- Park, Jae Myung
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- math, Denjoy-Riemann integral, and Denjoy-McShane integral
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this paper we study the Denjoy-Riemann and Denjoy-McShane integrals of functions mapping an interval $\left[ a,b\right] $ into a Banach space $X.$ It is shown that a Denjoy-Bochner integrable function on $ \left[ a,b\right] $ is Denjoy-Riemann integrable on $\left[ a,b\right] $, that a Denjoy-Riemann integrable function on $\left[ a,b\right] $ is Denjoy-McShane integrable on $\left[ a,b\right] $ and that a Denjoy-McShane integrable function on $\left[ a,b\right] $ is Denjoy-Pettis integrable on $\left[ a,b\right].$ In addition, it is shown that for spaces that do not contain a copy of $c_{0}$, a measurable Denjoy-McShane integrable function on $\left[ a,b\right] $ is McShane integrable on some subinterval of $\left[ a,b\right].$ Some examples of functions that are integrable in one sense but not another are included.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
67643. The dependence of flare energetics on the localization and evolution of flare knots
- Creator:
- Ishkov, V. N.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- solar observations and flare knots
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Using the results of solar flare observations during the SMY period (1979-1982), as well as X-ray and radio data, it was established that; 1) the flare can be considered as a complex of flare knots or brightenings, spatially and temporally distributed within the flare phenomenon. The comparison of flare knots with the flare radio source (Westerborge) and X-ray data (SMM, Hinotori) shovvs that the former provide a complete informiation about the place of the flare energy release; 2) the localization of the flare knots gives information about the flare hard X-ray and rnicrowave radiation with a flux of 300 s.f.u.; 3) by spatial order of arising flare knots the flares can be divided into three groups: (a) the flares with a precipitant start over all ranges of electromagnetic emission are observed when the flare knots lie within sunspot groups; (b) the flares with a gradual start are observed when the flare knots arising in the spotless area usually near a filament) penetrate into the sunspot group in the process of flare evolution; (e) "spotless" flares are characterized by a slow rise to the maximum, a large area in Hα and very poor hard X-ray and microwave radiation; 4) the appeared flare knots are divided into two rnodules: an internal and an external one with respect to zero line of the longitudinal magnetic field. The external flare knot begins a discrete displacement, determining the appearance of new AFS. The probability of the second brightening of the same flare knot is much smaller than of appearance of a new one.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
67644. The derogatory force and the offensiveness of slurs
- Creator:
- Liu, Chang
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- derogation, expressives, offense, pejoratives, slurs, and speech acts
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Slurs are both derogatory and offensive, and they are said to exhibit “derogatory force” and “offensiveness.” Almost all theories of slurs, except the truth-conditional content theory and the invocational content theory, conflate these two features and use “derogatory force” and “offensiveness” interchangeably. This paper defends and explains the distinction between slurs’ derogatory force and offensiveness by fulfilling three goals. First, it distinguishes between slurs’ being derogatory and their being offensive with four arguments. For instance, ‘Monday’, a slur in the Bostonian argot, is used to secretly derogate African Americans without causing offense. Second, this paper points out that many theories of slurs run into problems because they conflate derogatory force with offensiveness. For example, the prohibition theory’s account of offensiveness in terms of prohibitions struggles to explain why ‘Monday’ is derogatory when it is not a prohibited word in English. Third, this paper offers a new explanation of this distinction from the perspective of a speech act theory of slurs; derogatory force is different from offensiveness because they arise from two different kinds of speech acts that slurs are used to perform, i.e., the illocutionary act of derogation and the perlocutionary act of offending. This new explanation avoids the problems faced by other theories.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67645. The description of Gyrodactylus corleonis sp. n. and G. neretum sp. n. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) with comments on other gyrodactylids parasitising pipefish (Pisces: Syngnathidae)
- Creator:
- Paladini, Giuseppe, Cable, Joanne, Fioravanti, Maria Letizia, Faria, Patricia J., and Shinn, Andrew P.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Monogenea, Gyrodactylus, Syngnathidae, Syngnathus typhle, and Syngnathus scovelli
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The current work describes two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 collected from pipefish Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann et Kendall) and Syngnathus typhle L. during two separate gyrodactylosis episodes on fish held in a public aquarium located in northern Italy. The gyrodactylids collected from the skin, fins and gills of pipefish were subjected to a morphological analysis of the attachment hooks and the morphometric data were compared to the four species of Gyrodactylus previously described from syngnathid hosts, namely G. eyipayipi Vaughan, Christison, Hansen et Shinn, 2010, G. pisculentus Williams, Kritsky, Dunnigan, Lash et Klein, 2008, G. shorti Holliman, 1963 and G. syngnathi Appleby, 1996. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the morphological data indicated six clusters; two discrete groups among the specimens taken from the pipefish held in the Italian aquarium and four further groups representing G. eyipayipi, G. pisculentus, G. shorti and G. syngnathi. Molecular sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S gene for the new species considered here were then compared with those available for other species in GenBank. The comparison did not reveal any identical match, supporting the morphological analysis that Gyrodactylus corleonis sp. n. from S. typhle and Gyrodactylus neretum sp. n. from S. scovelli represent distinct species. Both G. corleonis and G. neretum possess robust hamuli, marginal hook blades that curve smoothly from their sickle base to a point beyond the toe and, ventral bars with a broad median portion and a reduced membrane. Gyrodactylus corleonis, however, can be distinguished on the basis of its heart-shaped ventral bar; G. neretum has a 1:2 hamulus point:shaft ratio and a rectangular-shaped ventral bar. A redescription of the haptoral hard parts of the four species previously recorded on pipefish is also presented.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67646. The detection of weak earthquakes in the Western Bohemian swarm area through the deployment of seismic arrays
- Creator:
- Štrunc, Jaroslav and Brož, Milan
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, zemětřesení, earthquake, cross-correlation, f-k analysis, weak earthquakes, seismic array, small-aperture, beamforming, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The NKCA and KVCA small-aperture (~ 90 m) seismic arrays in western Bohemia represent the second deployment of this type in the Czech Republic. The arrays have a regular triangular geometric configuration with high gain three-component seismographs in each corner of the triangle. This allows very weak local earthquakes to be detected with a high degree of precision and, thereby, substantially enhances the results of the pre-existing local seismic network (WEBNET). This paper reports on the pilot measurement period. It summarises the final configuration of the arrays and compares the derived results. The measured data have been analysed using the DP/EP system developed by NORSAR. This incorporates several array techniques such as beamforming, f-k analysis, and the cross-correlation method. It has been shown that during the study period, the levels of seismic activity recorded by the seismic arrays were up to fifteen times greater than the levels recorded by the pre-existing seismic network., Jaroslav Štrunc and Milan Brož., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67647. The determination of optimal initial tension in rat coronary artery using wire myography
- Creator:
- Ping, N.-N., Cao, L., Xiao, X., and Cao, Y.-X.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, věnčité tepny, coronary arteries, coronary artery, normalization procedure, optimal initial tension, wire myograph, rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal initial tension, i.e. initial stretch for rat coronary artery when using the multi-wire myograph system. We used the normalization procedure to mimic physiological conditions and to stretch the coronary arterial segments to normalized internal circumference (IC 1 ). It is determined the internal circumference when the vessel relaxed under a transmural pressure of 100 mm Hg (IC 100 ), and the IC 1 is calculated by multiplying the IC 100 by a factor k. The impact of different factor k on the initial stretch and agonist- induced tension of coronary arteries were investigated. The results showed that the maximal agonist-induced tension was achieved at the factor k value of 0.90 and the initial stretch tension was given 1.16±0.04 mN/mm. The most appropriate factor k value was 0.90-0.95 and the most appropriate initial tension was 1.16-1.52 mN/mm. Th e equilibration time of the coronary artery segments should be at least 1.0 h. In the same optimal initial tension, the agonist-induced tension increased as equilibration time lengthened., N.-N. Ping ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67648. The determination of the quantity of dust in cometary atmospheres
- Creator:
- Vanýsek, Vladimír
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- photometrical measurements, dust, and comets
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This following paper discusses a method for determining the total mass of dust contained in the coma of a comet. On assumption of a certain frequency distribution of particle dimensions, and based on photometrical data, it arrives at the conclusion that the maximum total quantity of dust in the atmosphere of comets at the time of observation, amounts to 8 x 10^11 g. This value appears as the result from photometric parameters of the comets, which show strong continuous spectra and are therefore by the author supposed to yield a 1 : 1 relation between the brightnesses of the dust and gas components of the coma. The photometrical measurements of Comet Arend-Roland 1956h result in a maximum value of 1.4 x 10^11 g. The photometric measurement of the anomalous tail of Comet Arend-Roland arrives at 10^13 g as the maximum value of its mass.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
67649. The development and fine structure of Lankesterella cf. dicroglossi (Apicomplexa: Lankesterellidae) infecting frogs in Niger, West Africa
- Creator:
- Paperna, Ilan and Martin, Coralie
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Lankesterella cf. dicroglossi, infection, ultrastructure, frog, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, Niger, and Africa
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- One of four Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Günther, 1859) frogs received from Niger, West Africa was heavily infected with Lankesterella blood and pre-erythrocytic stages. Infected blood and tissues from this frog were force-fed to the remaining three frogs. Two survived to necropsy on days 14 and 27 post-feeding and were found to be infected with gamogonic and oogonic stages, respectively. The source of infection is inconclusive, as a natural origin cannot be excluded. Microgamont, macrogamont, oocyst and sporozoite structure and fine structure are described and found to conform in general, but not in detail, to previous descriptions. Gamonts and oocysts occurred predominantly in the liver and spleen. Walled sporulating oocysts were situated within macrophage centres. Oocysts yielded a progeny of 32 sporozoites. Pre-erythrocytic sporozoites developed within expanded inclusions, within their host cell, from which they massively invaded the liver and spleen, and to a lesser extent the lungs and kidneys. Sporozoites occurred in a parasitophorous vacuole in the erythrocytes. Conspecificity with Lankesterella dicroglossi Paperna et Ogara, 1996 reported from the same host species in Kenya remains uncertain due to several structural and developmental differences.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67650. The development of chloroplast structure during leaf ontogeny
- Creator:
- Kutík, J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- environmental effects, leaf life span, and stresses
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Advances achieved during last fifteen years in the understanding the development of chloroplast ultrastructure during natural leaf ontogeny are summarized. Life span of a typical C3 mesophyll cell chloroplast is outlined and placed into the scheme of cyclic plastid interrelationships. Possible modifications of this development by stresses, environmental factors or experimental treatments are also shown.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public