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67812. The effect of pheochromocytoma treatment on subclinical inflammation and endocrine function of adipose tissue
- Creator:
- Lenka Bošanská, Ondřej Petrák, Tomáš Zelinka, Miloš Mráz, Jiří Widimský, and Martin Haluzík
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, feochromocytomy, záněty, leptin, physiology, pheochromocytoms, inflammations, body weight, adiponectin, resistin, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of surgical removal of pheochromocytoma on the endocrine function of adipose tissue and subclinical inflammation as measured by circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Eighteen patients with newly diagnosed pheochromocytoma were included into study. Anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, serum CRP, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were measured at the time of diagnosis and six months after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma. Surgical removal of pheochromocytoma significantly increased body weight, decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. Serum CRP levels were decreased by 50 % six months after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma (0.49±0.12 vs. 0.23±0.05 mg/l, p<0.05) despite a significant increase in body weight. Serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels were not affected by the surgery. We conclude that increased body weight in patients after surgical removal of pheochromocytoma is accompanied by an attenuation of subclinical inflammation probably due to catecholamine normalization. We failed to demonstrate an involvement of the changes in circulating leptin, adiponectin or resistin levels in this process., L. Bošanská ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67813. The effect of phospholipase A2 on mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation
- Creator:
- Rauchová, H., Kalous, M., and Drahota, Z.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- phospholipase A2, free fatty acid, lysophosphatide, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation, and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation in brown adipose tissue mitochondria of cold-adapted hamster is strongly inhibited by phospholipase A2 (PLA2)- Our data show that the glycerol-3-phosphate branch of the respiratory chain is sensitive to PLA2 action more than the succinate branch and that the transfer of reducing equivalents from the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to arteficial electron acceptor is especially sensitive to the PLA2 action.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67814. The effect of photoautotrophy on photosynthesis and photoinhibition of gardenia plantlets during micropropagation
- Creator:
- Serret, M. D., Trillas, M. I., Matas, J., and Araus, J. L.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chlorophyll fluorescence, Gardenia jasminoides, in vitro culture, irradiance, photosynthetic pigments, respiration, root induction, saccharose, shoot multiplication, and vapour pressure deficit
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- We studied the relationships between the degree of photoautotrophy, photosynthetic capacity, and extent of photoinhibition of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis plantlets in vitro. Two successive micropropagation stages (shoot multiplication and root induction), and three culture conditions [tube cap closure, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and sucrose concentration] which may influence the development of photoautotrophy in vitro were assayed. The ratios of variable chlorophyll fluorescence to either maximal (Fv/Fm) or ground (Fv/F0) values were low, irrespective of the culture stage or growing conditions. Incomplete development of the photosynthetic apparatus and permanent photoinhibition may be involved. However, Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 increased from shoot multiplication to root induction owing to a decrease in F0 and an increase in Fm. This suggests that photoinhibition decreases later during micropropagation, when the photoautotrophy of plantlets is more advanced. The low sucrose content and high PPFD increased the photoinhibition of plantlets, whereas growth in tubes with permeable caps showed the opposite effect. The only culture factor with a significant (positive) effect on maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was PPFD. At shoot multiplication net photosynthetic rate (PN) was positively correlated with the half time of the increase from F0 to Fm (t1/2). Such association may be mainly due to a common response of both traits to higher PPFD in culture. Within each culture stage, no relationship was observed between PN and the degree of photoautotrophy, which was positively correlated with Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 during root induction. During shoot multiplication, these correlations were not significant, or were even negative. Hence during the last stage of micropropagation, plantlets with a higher degree of photoautotrophy are less photoinhibited, whereas they do not follow this pattern at the earlier stage. and M. D. Serret ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67815. The effect of phyllode temperature on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of Acacia mangium
- Creator:
- Yu, Hun and Ong, Bee-Lian
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- dark respiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, photosystem 2 efficiency, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The optimum temperature for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation of A. mangium phyllodes was 30-32 °C. Photosystem 2 (PS 2) exhibited high tolerance to high temperature. Gas exchange and the function of PS2 of A. mangium were adapted to the temperature regime of the tropical environment and this might be the contributing factor to their fast growth under tropical conditions. and Hua Yu, Bee-Lian Ong.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67816. The effect of pitfall trap construction and preservative on catch size, species richness and species composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
- Creator:
- Knapp, Michal and Růžicka, Jan
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Carabidae, sampling technique, pitfall trap design, bias, propylene glycol, formaldehyde, cup trap, funnel, assemblages similarity, species composition, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Pitfall trapping is the most frequently used sampling technique for epigeal arthropods. Trap design could significantly affect the catch so the results of studies using different trap designs may be difficult to compare. Although species composition is frequently investigated in ecological studies, however when pitfall trapping is employed, the effect of trap design on the recorded species composition is rarely considered. In the present study, we investigated the effect of trap construction (funnel or cup trap) and the preservative used (formaldehyde or propylene glycol) on total catch, catch of particular species, species richness and species composition of the ground beetle assemblage sampled. We were interested in the extent to which trap design could bias these characteristics. Total catch was significantly affected by trap construction and preservative used, with the effect of the latter being the stronger. Species richness was only slightly affected by trap design when assemblages caught by traps of a particular type were corrected for unequal sample size. Moreover, we show that the traps of different designs differ in their efficiency for catching particular species of carabid and thus the composition of assemblages recorded using pitfall traps is affected by trap construction and the preservative used. We conclude that to assess the full significance of the effect of pitfall trap design on the results of ecological studies on epigeal arthropods it is necessary to simultaneously use traps of various designs., Michal Knopp, Jan Růžička., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
67817. The effect of plant quality and temperature on the fitness of Cinara pruinosa (Sternorrhyncha: Lachnidae) on Norway spruce
- Creator:
- Stadler, Bernhard
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Lachnidae, Cinara, environmental change, fitness, plant quality, and temperature
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Many aspects in the life-history of aphids are critically dependent on the quality of their host plants and prevailing temperature. Therefore, the fitness of an aphid clone will depend on these parameters and will determine its ecological and ultimately its evolutionary success. Measuring and calculating the fitness of an organism in a natural environment is an important but also a difficult task, as many parameters that code for fitness need special assumptions, e.g. a uniform environment or stable age distribution. In this study, three aspects of environmental variability were considered: (a) the nutritional supply of the host plants (high- and low-quality plants), (b) the changes in host plant quality due to the endogenic life cycle of the host and (c) constant and variable temperature regimes. For each of three successive generations of Cinara pruinosa (Hartig) feeding on Picea abies (L.) Karsten, the change in fitness was determined by calculating the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and expected total reproductive success (ETRS) when the aphids were reared under greenhouse (constant temperature) or field (variable temperature) conditions. Nutritional supply, plant life cycle and temperature affected the fitness of aphids, with fluctuating temperatures obscuring the effects. As a consequence, differences in fitness values among treatments were most pronounced under the constant temperature regime of a greenhouse and less marked in the field. If plant quality varies but not temperature, the contribution to clonal fitness of early generations is overestimated in comparison to later generations. The limitations and consequences for the interpretation of fit ness values of aphids are discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
67818. The effect of population density of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) on its fitness, physiology and activation of the covert nucleopolyhedrovirus
- Creator:
- Pavlushin, Sergey V., Belousova, Irina A. , Chertkova, Ekaterina A., Kryukova, Natalia A., Glupov, Viktor V., and Martemyanov, Viatcheslav V.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Lymantria dispar asiatica, baculovirus, covert infection, population density, insect physiology, and fitness
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- After high population densities of insect defoliators there is often a dramatic decrease in their abundance due to various limiting factors. Here, we compared gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.) reared singly and in crowded conditions. We compared a number of physiological parameters of these insects and the effect of L. dispar population density on the activation of covert baculovirus infections in the larvae. It was found that the population density of gypsy moth larvae did not affect the mortality due to the activation of the covert virus infection or the total mortality. On the other hand, solitary-reared larvae were heavier, took longer to develop, and showed a four-fold higher concentration of dopamine in their haemolymph than larvae reared in groups. Thus, we demonstrated that an increase in the population density of larvae per se facilitates some changes in fitness and innate immunity traits but is not related to the activation of covert baculovirus infection. We suggest that an increase in population density does not increase the risk of epizootics triggered by the activation of covert baculovirus infection and that researchers should pay more attention to studying density-associated factors, such as starvation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
67819. The effect of pre-treatment with proline on the responses of Pisum sativum to salt stress
- Creator:
- Fedina, I.S., Tsonev, Ts., and Guleva, E.I.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- 10-d-old pea plants {Pisum sativum L. cv. Ran 1) were treated for 24 h with proline (10-6 M oř 10*5 M) before salinization with 50 mM NaCl for 2 d. Salt stress resulted in an increase of endogenous ffee proline content, CO2 compensation concentration, photorespiration and glycollate oxidase activity; net photosynthetic rate (P^) was inhibited, but dark respiration rate (Pp) was not affected. •‘♦CO2 fixation by protoplasts isolated from salt stressed plants was inhibited by 60 %, however, the *‘*C02 fixation by protoplasts, isolated firom plants treated with proline before salinization, was only slightly reduced by NaCl. Proline alleviated the inhibitory effect of NaCl in a concentration-depending manner. Pre-treatment with proline decreased Na+ and CP accumulation in the shoot; the root content of these ions was increased.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67820. The effect of prey availability on ovarian development and oosorption in the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Osawa, Naoya
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Asymmetry, Harmonia axyridis, Coccinellidae, energy storage, oosorption, ovarian development, oviposition strategy, population dynamics, and predator
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas was investigated under laboratory conditions to clarify the relationship between food abundance or scarcity and ovarian development or oosorption. Four conditions were used: (1) fully fed for 24 h, (2) 24-h starvation, (3) 48-h starvation, and (4) 24-h starvation followed by 24-h re-feeding. Body length and initial body weight were not significantly related to the number of ovarioles per female. Both starvation conditions significantly increased the percentage of oosorptive individuals and ovarioles per female, and significantly decreased the percentage of mature ovarioles per female. Re-feeding for 24 h after a 24-h starvation resulted in a significantly higher percentage of mature ovarioles per female; however, the percentage of mature ovarioles remained lower than in the fully fed condition. Oosorption mainly occurred during the intermediate developmental stage of the ovarioles. The rates of ovarian development and oosorption in predatory H. axyridis were much faster compared with those in herbivorous ladybird beetles. Body length, initial body weight, and the number of ovarioles were significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid during the last 24 h of each experimental condition. From an analysis of the weight loss and the number of eggs laid during the last 24 h of each experimental condition, it appears that the realized weight of the eggs may be directly determined by the amount of food digested by the adult. The ovarian development and oosorption were asymmetric in the right and left ovaries. These may be important strategies for oviposition in H. axyridis, because selective provision of maturing ovarioles in the right or left ovary with digested nutrients would favor their development. In addition, the energy loss through oosorption during the intermediate developmental stage of oocytes would be less than the energy loss resulting from the resorption of mature oocytes. Therefore, one role of the ovary in H. axyridis, in addition to egg production, might be as a kind of energy storage system for increasing reproductive success. An immediate start of ovarian development under favorable feeding conditions and rapid oosorption during food scarcities may be an adaptive ovipositional and survival strategy for female adults of H. axyridis in response to heterogeneous and fluctuating resource conditions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public