Cíl: Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo získat informace o protektivních a rizikových faktorech stravování a stravovacích návyků ve vztahu k prevenci kolorektálního karcinomu, a to u záměrně vybrané skupiny adolescentů a dospělých. Výsledky byly porovnávány mezi oběma skupinami a s údaji publikovanými v odborných časopisech. Metodika: Pro výzkum bylo zvoleno kvantitativní dotazníkové šetření za pouţití nestandardizovaného dotazníku vlastní tvorby hodnotícího způsob stravování u obou skupin respondentů. Šetření probíhalo ve dvou záměrně vybraných středních školách a ve čtyřech podnicích v Hradci Králové v období října aţ prosince 2012. Výsledky: Celkem bylo do výzkumného šetření zařazeno 343 respondentů, z toho 123 adolescentů (36 %) a 220 dospělých (64 %). Statistické testování prokázalo, ţe se dospělí stravují kvalitněji neţ adolescenti, přesto však obě skupiny konzumují ovoce a zeleninu v nedostatečném mnoţství a naopak často konzumují červené maso, masné výrobky a potraviny upravené smaţením. Špatné stravovací návyky dosvědčuje i prevalence nadváhy a obezity; 20,4 % dotázaných adolescentů a 63,6 % dospělých má vyšší neţ normální váhu. Třetina adolescentů se navíc stravuje v řetězcích s rychlým občerstvením. Závěr: Zdravá výţiva a vhodné stravovací návyky hrají klíčovou roli v prevenci mnoha onemocnění. Spolu s adekvátní pohybovou aktivitou a nekouřením zásadně sniţují riziko vzniku nejen kolorektálního karcinomu, ale i dalších nádorových i nenádorových onemocnění. Přesto však způsob stravování není ze zdravotního hlediska příznivý a přibývá osob s nadměrnou hmotností., Aim: The aim of the research was to get information about protective and dangerous factors of nutrition and eating habits in relation to the prevention of colorectal cancer. It focuses on intentionally chosen groups of adolescents and adults. The results were compared between both groups of respondents and with information published in professional periodicals. Methods: Quantitative research based on non-standardized questionnaires of own formulation evaluating a way of alimentation of both groups of respondents was chosen. The research took place in two chosen secondary schools and in four companies in Hradec Králové in a period from October to December 2012. Results: The total amount of 343 respondents participated in the research, namely 123 adolescents (36 %) and 220 adults (64 %). Statistical testing has shown that the eating habits of adults are of a higher quality than the eating habits of adolescents. Nevertheless, both groups consume insufficient amount of fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, they frequently consume red meat, meat products and fried food. Bad eating habits are proven even by the quantity of overweight and obesity occurrence; 20,4 % of interviewed adolescents and even 63,6 % of interviewed adults are of a higher than normal weight. Moreover, one third of adolescents eat in fast-foods. Conclusion: Healthy nutrition and correct eating habits play a key role in the prevention of many diseases. Together with adequate physical activity and no smoking they reduce essentially the risk of occurrence not only of colorectal cancer but also of other cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, the way of alimentation is not beneficial from the point of view of health and the number of people with overweight is increasing., Tereza Dolénková, Pavol Hlúbik, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem šetření bylo zjistit četnost subjektivně pociťovaných potíží s polykací funkcí mezi klienty sociálních zařízení následné péče za pomoci zahraničního nástroje nazvaného Dotazník o přijímání potravy (Eating Assessment Tool, EAT-10). Dalším cílem bylo zjistit časovou zátěž spojenou s administrací tohoto nástroje v praxi. Metody: Nástroj EAT-10 byl přeložen do češtiny a v pretestu byla ověřena jeho srozumitelnost. Poté byl nástroj, pomocí rozhovoru, použit v 5 sociálních zařízeních následné péče. Před dotazováním byl proveden screening kognitivních funkcí za pomoci testu Mini-Cog, který sloužil k vyřazení klientů s nedostatečnou kognitivní funkcí z dalšího testování. Výsledky: Do studie bylo zařazeno 117 respondentů ve věku 65 let a výše, z nichž 104 úspěšně prošlo testem Mini-Cog. Více než polovina z nich (58) uvádí polykací potíže. K použití nástroje EAT-10 bylo u 1 respondenta potřeba cca 4–5 minut. Závěr: Klienti sociálních zařízení následné péče často subjektivně vnímali polýkání jako problematické. Nástroj EAT-10 lze použít při získávání základních údajů o polykání u těchto klientů., Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of subjectively perceived swallowing difficulties in clients of social institutions providing aft er-care, using a foreign instrument called Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Another aim was to identify the amount of time required to administer the tool in practice. Methods: The tool EAT-10 was translated into Czech and its comprehensibility was verifi ed in a pre-test. Finally, it was employed in interviews in five social institutions providing aft er-care. Before the respondents were interviewed, they were screened for cognitive functions via the Mini-Cog test, which was used to exclude from further testing those respondents who had insufficient cognitive function. Results: 117 respondents aged 65 and above were enrolled in the study, 104 of whom were successful on the Mini-Cog test. More than half of them (58) reported swallowing difficulties. It took approximately 4–5 minutes to complete the EAT-10 tool with one patient. Conclusion: Subjectively perceived swallowing difficulties are a frequent problem in clients of social institutions providing aft er-care. Th e EAT-10 tool can be used to obtain basic swallowing data in these clients., Hana Vejrostová, Jana Pánková, Petra Mandysová, Jana Škvrňáková, and Literatura 6
Cíl: Cílem našeho příspěvku bylo zjistit vztah mezi konstrukty kvality života související se zdravím Health Related Quality of Life, používaný ve standardní zkratce HRQoL a subjektivní pohody Subjective well-being, používaný ve standardně zavedené zkratce SWB, u pacientů s chronickým onemocněním, konkrétně bronchiálním astmatem. Zaměřujeme se na diskriminační validitu obou konstruktů. Metodika: Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 316 pacientů, kteří byli vyšetřeni na plicní ambulanci ve Fakultní nemocnici Ostrava. HRQoL byla hodnocena prostřednictvím zkrácené verze Dotazníku kvality života astmatiků (Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Mini AQLQ), SWB prostřednictvím Indexu osobní pohody (Personal Wellbeing Index, PWI). Ke zjištění závislosti mezi vybranými proměnnými byl použit Pearsonův korelační koeficient a lineární regresní analýza. Diskriminační validitu jsme zkoumali prostřednictvím zkoumání rozdílů v HRQoL a SWB z hlediska vybraných klinických proměnných. Rozdíly v HRQoL a SWB byly zjišťovány vícefaktorovou analýzou rozptylu (ANOVA). Výsledky: Korelace mezi HRQoL (operacionalizované prostřednictvím Mini AQLQ) a SWB (operacionalizované prostřednictvím PWI) jsou pozitivní a středně silné. Percepce kontroly astmatu byla identifikovaná jako signifikantní prediktor obou konstruktů, avšak vytvářela vyšší míru variability v rámci HRQoL. Závěr: SWB a HRQoL představují související, avšak odlišné konstrukty. Výsledky podporují chápání HRQoL jako konstruktu založeném na větší míře klinických proměnných než je tomu u SWB., Aim: The goal of the study was to determine the relationship between the health-related quality of life (usually abbreviated as HRQoL) and subjective well-being (usually abbreviated as SWB) of patients with chronic disease, namely bronchial asthma. The focus was on discriminative validity of both constructs. Methods: The research sample consisted of 316 patients examined at the Pulmonary Clinic of the University Hospital Ostrava. HRQoL was assessed by a short version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini AQLQ) and SWB was assessed by the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used for evaluation of dependencies between selected variables. Discriminative validity was explored by examination of differences between HRQoL and SWB relevant to selected clinical variables. Differences in HRQoL and SWB were detected by multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The correlations between HRQoL (assessed by the Mini AQLQ) and SWB (assessed by the PWI) are positive and moderate. Perception of asthma control was identified as a significant predictor of both constructs. However, it produced greater variance in the context of HRQoL. Conclusion: SWB and HRQoL are related but distinct constructs. The results support the notion of HRQoL as a construct based on a larger set of clinical variables as compared to SWB., Patricie Popelková, Elena Gurková, and Literatura
Acenocoumarol is a vitamin K antagonist that is used for the treatment of acquired and congenital, both arterial and venous, thrombotic diseases. Its use is complicated by the narrow therapeutic range. Bleeding following oral anticoagulation, despite rare, remains the major complication. Most cases of hemorrhagic episodes usually require short hospitalization and transfusion, while surgical drainage of the hematoma is not recommended. However, in cases that conservative treatment isn’t successful, surgical intervention remains an option. We present a case of severe spontaneous bleeding of the rectus abdominis muscle which was successfully managed surgically., Orestis Ioannidis, George Paraskevas, Anastasios Kotronis, Stavros Chatzopoulos, Athina Konstantara, Nikolaos Papadimitriou, Apostolos Makrantonakis, Emmanouil Kakoutis, and Literatura 15
Cíl studie: Vyhodnotit přínos interleukinu-6 u těžké akutní pankreatitidy pro odlišení sterilní nekrózy (SN) a nekrózy infikované (IN). Typ studie: Retrospektivní deskriptivní observační studie série případů. Metody: Ve vlastní práci bylo zahrnuto 59 pacientů hospitalizovaných s těžkou akutní pankreatitidou (Atlantská klasifikace 1992) na chirurgickém oddělení Nemocnice Písek v průběhu sedmi let. Pravidelně byly vyšetřovány C-reaktivní protein (CRP) a interleukin-6 (IL-6), přičemž dostatečná data byla u 42 pacientů: 14 s IN (průkaz mikrobiologicky či dle CT), 28 se SN. Statistické vyhodnocení pomocí Fisherova testu a chí-kvadrát testu. Výsledky: Byla nalezena statisticky významná diskriminační schopnost denních průměrů IL-6 5. a 6., resp. 7. a 8. den hospitalizace mezi IN a SN (p=0,0014 pro den 5 a 6, resp. p=0,0009 pro den 7 a 8). Rozvoj IN reálně nastával nejčastěji mezi 5. a 9. dnem (mikrobiologický průkaz agens či nepochybné CT známky infekce). CRP tuto schopnost diskriminace neprokázalo, jeho hladiny byly od 2. do 8. dne setrvale výrazně zvýšeny. Charakteristický byl průběh koncentrací IL-6, kdy vstupně byla přítomna výrazná elevace nezávislá na pozdějším rozvoji IN a již od druhého dne hospitalizace došlo k výraznému poklesu. K dalšímu vzestupu IL-6 došlo pouze u pacientů s rozvojem IN. Pro cut-off (diskriminace IN a SN) IL-6 (platný od 5. dne hospitalizace) 100 ng/l bylo p<0,005, pro 150 ng/l p<0,01. Závěr: Interleukin-6 v naší retrospektivní studii prokázal statisticky významnou schopnost diskriminovat infikovanou a sterilní nekrózu u těžké akutní pankreatitidy. Překročení cut-off IL-6 od 5. dne hospitalizace svědčilo pro přítomnost infikované nekrózy. Cut-off 100 ng/l diskriminoval obdobně (p<0,005, senzitivita 100 %, specificita 92 %) jako cut-off 150 ng/l (p<0,01, senzitivita 87 %, specificita 100 %)., Objective: Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the contribution of interleukin-6 in severe acute pancreatitis. Mortality of severe acute pancreatitis ranges from 10-20% (for sterile necrosis, SN) to 20-85% (infected necrosis, IN). Resolution of SN and IN is clinically very important, but often difficult and therefore they are still searching for new laboratory markers for their differentiation. Design: Retrospective descriptive observational study of cases series. Methods: 59 patients hospitalized with severe acute pancreatitis (Atlanta classification 1992) in the surgery department of Hospital Písek in the 2000-2006 were included. Regularly they were investigated by C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6), sufficient data was in 42 patients: 14 with IN (identified microbiologically or according to computed tomography, CT), 28 with SN. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher‘s test and chi-square test. Results: There was found statistically significant discriminatory ability of daily averages of IL-6 5th and 6th + 7th and 8th day of hospitalization between the IN and SN (p = 0.0014 for day 5 and 6, respectively. p = 0.0009 for day 7 and 8). Developing IN realistically set in the most between 5th and 9th day (needle biopsy with identification of microbiological agents or CT signs of infection). The ability of CRP to discriminate SN and IN was not found, the levels were between 2nd to 8th days increased steadily. The run of the concentrations of IL-6 was characteristic, where at the admission there was present significant elevation irrespective of subsequent development of IN and from the second day of hospitalization it decreased significantly. Further increase in IL-6 was present only in patients with the development of IN. For the cut-off (discrimination of SN and IN) for IL-6 (valid from 5th of hospitalization) 100 ng/L was P<0.005, for 150 ng/L P<0.01. Conclusion: Interleukin-6 in our retrospective study showed a statistically significant ability to discriminate between infected and sterile necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis. For the cut-off of IL-6 effective from 5th day of hospitalization 100 ng/L was P <0.005, for 150 ng/L was P<0.01., and Malina P., Cejp V., Jabor A.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among Czech dentists and to analyze the factors that affect these disorders. Information was gathered through questionnaire completed by 581 physicians. The questionnaire ascertained general information about physicians including their work habits and the characteristics of their work environment along with the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems as well as their intensity. In the past year the occurrence of at least mild difficulties associated with the locomotive system was reported by 96.9% of dentists surveyed (n = 557), with 66.3% of respondents (n = 381) reporting difficulties ofa moderate or major nature. Most respondents of both sexes indicated neck pain. A statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints of medium and major intensity was demonstrated for the following factors: sex, age, running a private practice, past injury or musculoskeletal diseases, and the perception of work as psychologically demanding. Musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in Czech Republic are relatively frequent and serious health problem. The causes of these diseases must be identified and appropriate preventive interventions undertaken that will contribute to a reduction in the incidence of these problems. and Z. Sustová, L. Hodacová, M. Kapitán
BACKGROUND: The current treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) consists of performing periodic whole blood phlebotomies. Erythrocytapheresis (EA) can remove up to three times more red blood cells per single procedure and could thus have a clinical benefit. A prospective study of 30 consecutive cases of HH were included in a periodic EA program. METHODS AND PATIENTS: EA were performed using a discontinuous flow cell separators. The protocol consisted of a bimonthly EA until normalization of the serum ferritin was reached. The aim was to reduce the total erythrocyte volume by 25-35%, eventually, to adjust the amount so that hematocrit would not drop below 0.25. RESULTS: 530 +/- 101 ml of erythrocytes were removed (median 517, range 116-761 ml). Iron depletion (ferritin < 20 microg/l) was achieved in all patients after a mean 6.9 +/- 7.6 months, median 5 months, range 1-36 months and a mean 14 EA sessions. The procedures were well tolerated and there were no severe side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HH patients treated with EA achieved iron depletion quickly under good conditions of tolerance. The efficacy, speed, tolerability, and more favorable schedule of an EA program facilitate treatment of HH. and V. Rehácek, M. Bláha, H. Jirousová, J. Cernohorská, P. Papousek
Cardiac surgery is inseparably linked to the activation of innate immunity cells recognizing danger signals of both endogenous and exogenous origin via pattern recognition receptors such as TLR receptors. Therefore, we followed by flow cytometry TLR2 and TLR4 expression on blood monocytes and granulocytes of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using beating heart surgery (off-pump, n = 34), with use of standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), (on-pump, n = 30), and miniinvasive CPB (mini on-pump, n = 25), respectively, before, during surgery, and up to 7th postoperative day. TLR2 and TLR4 expression both on monocytes and granulocytes was significantly diminished already at the end of CPB being highly significantly decreased at the end of surgery in all patients' groups. TLR2 and TLR4 expression reached preoperative value at the 1st postoperative day being significantly higher at the 3rd postoperative day. Using intracellular staining we found the peak of TLR2 and TLR4 expression inside of monocytes and granulocytes at the first postoperative day in a subgroup of on-pump patients. In conclusion, TLR2 and TLR4 expression is significantly modulated in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting as a part of adaptive homeostatic mechanisms induced by major surgery. The very surgical trauma is responsible for TLR2 and TLR4 modulation. Surprisingly, cardiopulmonary bypass itself was little contributing to the modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression. and J. Krejsek, M. Kolácková, J. Mand'ák, P. Kunes, Z. Holubcová, D. Holmannová, M. AbuAttieh, C. Andrýs
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of total hip arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson's disease during a period of five years, focusing on the assessment of the risks and benefits of surgery. During this period we performed total hip arthroplasty in 14 patients (15 hips) with Parkinson's disease. Patients were evaluated by subjective symptoms and objective findings, with a focus on the use of support while walking and walking distance, severity of Parkinson's disease before surgery and at the time of the last follow-up. During the postoperative period, the following parameters were assessed: length of ICU stay, mobilization, complications, the total duration of hospitalization and follow-up care after discharge. Of the 11 patients (12 hips) followed-up 1-5 years with an average of 3 years after operation 8 cases showed progression of neurological disability. 5 patients (6 hips) showed an increased dependence on the use of support when walking and reduced distance that the patient was able to walk. Subjectively, 10 hip joints were completely painless and 2 patients complained of only occasional mild pain in the operated hip. Complications that were encountered were urinary tract infection (5 patients), cognitive impairment (3 patients) and pressure ulcer (2 patients). We did not observe any infection or dislocation of the prosthesis. Three patients fell and fractured the femur and 3 patients in our cohort died during follow up. Implantation of total replacement is possible with judicious indication after careful evaluation of neurological finding in patients with minimal or mild functional impairment of the locomotor system. Prerequisite for a good result is precise surgical technique and optimal implant position with balanced tension of the muscles and other soft tissues around the hip. and PG. Mathew, P. Sponer, T. Kucera, M. Grinac, J. Knízek
Transientní monoklonální gamapatie je stav spojený s přechodnou přítomností monoklonálního imunoglobulinu v séru a/ nebo moči. V článku je popsáno několik kazuistik pozorování přechodné monoklonální gamapatie., Transient monoclonal gammopathy is state involved in present monoclonal immunoglobulin in serum and urine. In article is described several cases observation of transient monoclonal gammopathy., Spáčilová J., Šolcová L., Tichý M., and Literatura 4