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7752. Endemic genera of bryophytes of North America (north of Mexico)
- Creator:
- Schofield , Wilfred Borden
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- bryophytes, distribution, ecology, endemic, liverworts, mosses, reproduction, and North America
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- There are 20 endemic genera of mosses and three of liverworts in North America, north of Mexico. All are monotypic except Thelia, with three species. General ecology, reproduction, distribution and nomenclature are discussed for each genus. Distribution maps are provided. The Mexican as well as Neotropical genera of bryophytes are also noted without detailed discussion.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7753. Endocrine disruptors of the bisphenol and paraben families and bone metabolism
- Creator:
- Jana Vítků, Lucie Kolátorová Sosvorová, Lenka Franeková, Jaroslav Blahoš, Marie Šimková, Michaela Dušková, Skodova, T, and Luboslav Stárka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- osteoporóza, bisfenol A, osteoporosis, bisphenol A, endocrine disruptor, paraben, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- After menopause, when estrogen levels decrease, there is room for the activity of anthropogenic substances with estrogenic properties - endocrine disruptors (EDs) - that can interfere with bone remodeling and changes in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Selected unconjugated EDs of the bisphenol group - BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, and the paraben family - methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and benzyl-parabens - were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the plasma of 24 postmenopausal women. Parameters of calcium-phosphate metabolism and bone mineral density were assessed. Osteoporosis was classified in 14 women, and 10 women were put into the control group. The impact of EDs on calcium-phosphate metabolism was evaluated by multiple linear regressions. In women with osteoporosis, concentrations of BPA ranged from the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) - 104 pg/ml and methyl paraben (MP) from LLOQ - 1120 pg/ml. The alternative bisphenols BPS, BPF and BPAF were all under the LLOQ. Except for MP, no further parabens were detected in the majority of samples. The multiple linear regression model found a positive association of BPA (β=0.07, p<0.05) on calcium (Ca) concentrations. Furthermore, MP (β=-0.232, p<0.05) was negatively associated with C-terminal telopeptide. These preliminary results suggest that these EDs may have effects on calcium-phosphate metabolism., J. Vitku, L. Kolatorova, L. Franekova, J. Blahos, M. Simkova, M. Duskova, T. Skodova, L. Starka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7754. Endogenous development of Hemolivia mauritanica (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Haemogregarinidae) in the marginated tortoise Testudo marginata (Reptilia: Testudinidae): evidence from experimental infection
- Creator:
- Široký, Pavel, Kamler, Martin, Frye, Fredric L., Fictum, Petr , and Modrý, David
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Apicomplexa, Hemolivia mauritanica, Testudo, merogony, cystogony, tick-born disease, and life cycle
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Six young tortoises Testudo marginata Schoepff, 1792 were experimentally infected with Hemolivia mauritanica (Sergent et Sergent, 1904). The prepatent period ranged from 6 to 8 weeks. Young, smaller, club-like forms (6-9 × 3-6 µm) of gametocytes appeared in the peripheral blood first, whereas mature, elongated, cylindrical forms (9-12 × 5-7 µm) were detected after 1-2 weeks and predominated during later patency. Three of the infected tortoises were euthanized and dissected to study the endogenous stages. Meronts occurred in the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system and in the erythrocytes; these were observed mostly in parenchymatous organs. Mature forms measured 14.2 × 9.3 µm and contained 7-12 merozoites. Cysts with two (exceptionally one) cystozoites were also found predominantly in parenchymatous organs and measured 14.8 × 7.9 µm. Pathological changes attributable to Hemolivia were mild and limited to liver and kidneys. The role of individual developmental stages of haemogregarines is discussed with respect to evolution of heteroxenous life cycle and long-term persistence of parasites in their intermediate hosts.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7755. Endogenous LPS alters liver GH/IGF system gene expression and plasma lipoprotein lipase in goats
- Creator:
- Xie, Z. L., Ye, P. S., Zhang, S. K., Zhang, Y. S., and Shen, X. S.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, lipoproteiny, játra, lipoproteins, liver, endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, GH/IGF system, lipoprotein lipase, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects the ruminant health and animal performance. The main purposes of this study were to investigate the potential effects of GH/IGF system and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) concentration on resistance the circulating LPS concentration increased in liver with high concentrate diet treatment. Non- lactating goats were randomly allocated to two groups : a high -concentrate diet (HCD ) or a low - concentrate diet (LCD ) in cross over design and the blood collection at different time points after feeding at the end of the experiment. The average rumen pH was significantly reduced (P<0.05) , but the duration with pH was not more than 120 min in the HCD group. T he plasma LPL concentration w as significantly raised (P<0.05) . However, fr om 2 h onwards, LPS concentration was significantly reduced (P<0.0 1) in the H CD group compared with LCD group. In addition , the plasma IGF1 concentration and the hepatic i nsulin -like growth factor -1 receptor ( IGF1R) mRNA expression were markedly reduced (P<0.0 5). However, g rowth hormone (GH) secretion at 15, 30, and 45 min after feeding and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA expression in the liver was significantly increased (P<0.05) in HCD group. The correlation analysis showed that the plasma LPL concentration was positive ly correlated with hepatic GHR mRNA expression (P<0.05) . Conversely, the plasma LPS concentration was negatively correlate d with LPL concentration (P<0.05). These findings reveal that alterations in GH/IGF system function in response to a hi gh -concentrate diet are accompanied by corresponding changes in systemic LPL in non -lactating goats ’ liver in presence of endogenous LPS stress., Z. L. Xie, P. S. Ye, S. K. Zhang, Y. S. Zhang, X. Z. Shen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7756. Endogenous protective mechanisms in remodeling of rat heart mitochondrial membranes in the acute phase of streptozotocin-induced diabetes
- Creator:
- Miroslav Ferko, Dana Kincelová, Waczulíková, I., Jana Mujkošová, Jarmila Kucharská, Šikurová, L., Ziegelhöffer, B., Ján Styk, and Atila Ziegelhöffer
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Experimentální medicína, kardiovaskulární fyziologie, mitochondrie, srdce, potkan, cardiovascular physiology, mitochondrias, heart, Rattus norvegicus, diabetic rat, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane fluidity, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, 14, and 616-092
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of present study was to investigate functional and physical alterations in membranes of heart mitochondria that are associated with remodeling of these organelles in acute phase of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and to elucidate the role of these changes in adaptation of the heart to acute streptozotocin-induced diabetes (evaluated 8 days after single dose streptozotocin application to male Wistar rats). Action of free radicals on the respiratory chain of diabetic-heart mitochondria was manifested by 17 % increase (p<0.05) in oxidized form of the coenzyme Q10 and resulted in a decrease of states S3 and S4 respiration, the respiratory control index, rate of phosphorylation (all p<0.01) and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (p<0.05), but the ADP/O ratio decreased only moderately (p>0.05). On the contrary, membrane fluidity and the total mitochondrial Mg2+-ATPase activity increased (both p<0.05). In diabetic heart mitochondria, linear regression analysis revealed a reciprocal relationship between the increase in membrane fluidity and decrease in trans-membrane potential (p<0.05, r = 0.67). Changes in membrane fluidity, transmembrane potential, Mg2+-ATPase activity and the almost preserved ADP/O ratio appear as the manifestation of endogenous protective mechanisms participating in the functional remodeling of mitochondria which contributes to adaptation of the heart to diabetes., M. Ferko, D. Habodászová, I. Waczulíková, J. Mujkošová, J. Kucharská, L. Šikurová, B. Ziegelhöffer, J. Styk, A. Ziegelhöffer., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7757. Endolymph composition: paradigm or inevitability?
- Creator:
- Gagov, H, Chichova, M, and Mladenov, M
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Hair cells, K+ influx, Mechanosensing, Mitochondria, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This review is focused on the unusual composition of the endolymph of the inner ear and its function in mechanoelectrical transduction. The role of K+ and Ca2+ in excitatory influx, the very low Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations of endolymph, stereocilia structure of hair cells and some proteins involved in mechanosensory signal transduction with emphasis on auditory receptors are presented and analyzed in more details. An alternative hypothetical model of ciliary structure and endolymph with a ‘normal’ composition is discussed. It is concluded that the unique endolymph cation content is more than an energy saving mechanism that avoids disturbing circulatory vibrations to achieve a much better mechanosensory resolution. It is the only possible way to fulfil the requirements for a precise ciliary mechanoelectrical transduction in conditions where pressure events with quite diverse amplitudes and duration are transformed into adequate hair cell membrane depolarizations, which are regulated by a sensitive Ca2+-dependent feedback tuning., H. Gagov, M. Chichova, M. Mladenov., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7758. Endoparasitic mites of the genus Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona: Trombiculidae) from African and Madagascan anurans, with description of a new species
- Creator:
- Wohltmann, Andreas, Preez, Louis du, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Köhler, Jörn, and Vences, Miguel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Amphibia, Anura, Mantellidae, Ptychadenidae, endoparasites, Endotrombicula ptychadenae, new species, Africa, and Madagascar
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A sample of over 6,000 specimens of frogs belonging to about 120 species of all families occurring in West Africa and Madagascar were screened for parasitic mites. Three species of Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 were found in representatives of two African and two Madagascan frog families. All Trombiculidae found in African frogs belonged to Endotrombicula pillersi (Sambon, 1928), whereas in Madagascar E. madagascariensis (Sambon, 1928) and E. ptychadenae sp. n. were sampled. These three species are described, data about their parasitic associations are provided, and their zoogeographical distribution is discussed. Only those frog species that spend a considerable time in terrestrial ground habitats were parasitized; neither arboreal nor strictly aquatic frogs were infected. The geographic distribution of Endotrombicula, restricted to Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Madagascar, suggests that these mites invaded Madagascar from the African continent. This is supported by the observation that the ancestors of Ptychadena mascareniensis (Duméril et Bibron) (Ptychadenidae), the host of E. ptychadenae, colonized Madagascar from the African continent quite recently, possibly accompanied by its Endotrombicula parasites.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7759. Endothelial dysfunction expressed as endothelial microparticles in patients with end-stage heart failure
- Creator:
- Ivak, P., Jan Piťha, Wohlfahrt, P., Kralova Lesna, I., Petr Stávek, Zora Dorazilová, Stepankova, J., Maly, J., Pokorny, M., and Ivan Netuka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, ventricular assist device, non-pulsatile flow, circulating endothelial microparticles, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), currently used in treatment of terminal heart failure, are working on principle of rotary pump, which generates continuous blood flow. Non-pulsatile flow is supposed to expose endothelial cells to high stress and potential damage. Therefore, we investigated longitudinal changes in concentration of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP) as a possible marker of endothelial damage before and after implantation of LVAD. Study population comprised 30 patients with end-stage heart failure indicated for implantation of the Heart Mate II LVAD. Concentrations of microparticles were measured as nanomoles per liter relative to phosphatidylserine before and 3 months after implantation. At 3 months after implantation we observed significant decrease in concentration of EMP [5.89 (95 % CI 4.31-8.03) vs. 3.69 (95 % CI 2.70-5.03), p=0.03] in the whole group; there was no difference observed between patients with ischemic etiology of heart failure (n=18) and with heart failure of non-ischemic etiology (n=12). In addition, heart failure etiology had no effect on the rate of EMP concentration decrease with time. These results indicate possibility that LVAD do not cause vascular damage 3 months after implantation. Whether these results suggest improvement of vascular wall function and of endothelium is to be proved in long-term studies., P. Ivak, J. Pitha, P. Wohlfahrt, I. Kralova Lesna, P. Stavek, Z. dorazilova, J. Stepankova, J. Maly, M. Pokorny, I. Netuka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7760. Endothelial glycocalyx integrity is preserved in young, healthy men during a single bout of strenuous physical exercise
- Creator:
- Majerczak, J., Duda, K., Bartosz, G., Zakrzewska, A., Balcerczyk, A., Smoleński, R. T., and Zoladz, J. A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endotel, tělesná cvičení, záněty, oxidační stres, endothelium, exercises, inflammations, oxidative stress, glycocalyx, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In the present study we aimed to evaluate whether oxidative stress and inflammation induced by strenuous exercise affect glycocalyx integrity and endothelial function. Twenty one young, untrained healthy men performed a maximal incremental cycling exercise - until exhaustion. Markers of glycocalyx shedding (syndecan-1, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid), endothelial status (nitric oxide and prostacyclin metabolites - nitrate, nitrite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α), oxidative stress (8-oxo-2’- deoxyguanosine) and antioxidant capacity (uric acid, nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity) as well as markers of inflammation (sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1) were analyzed in venous blood samples taken at rest and at the end of exercise. The applied strenuous exercise caused a 5-fold increase in plasma lactate and hypoxanthine concentrations (p<0.001), a fall in plasma uric acid concentration and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (p<10−4), accompanied by an increase (p=0.003) in sVCAM-1 concentration. Plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α concentration increased (p=0.006) at exhaustion, while nitrate and nitrite concentrations were not affected. Surprisingly, no significant changes in serum syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate concentrations were observed. We have concluded, that a single bout of severe-intensity exercise is well accommodated by endothelium in young, healthy men as it neither results in evident glycocalyx disruption nor in the impairment of nitric oxide and prostacyclin production., J. Majerczak, K. Duda, S. Chlopicki, G. Bartosz, A. Zakrzewska, A. Balcerczyk, R. T. Smoleński, J. A. Zoladz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public