This paper presents a brief review of selected approaches used for computational modelling of bimaterial failure and for evaluation of interface failure resistance. Attention is paid to the approaches that assume absence of initial interface crack. The applicability of such approaches to rubber-steel interface failure evaluation is discussed in the paper. The approach based on the so called ‘cohesive zone model‘ is preferred and demonstrated by an example of computational modelling of rubber-steel interface failure during a peel-test. The results of peel-test computational modelling are presented. The influence of cohesive zone element number on the results is also analysed. The results are consistent with experimental data. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Experimentally based models of cardiac cells have been developed since 1960.The early models were based on extension of the Hodgkin-Huxley nerve impulse equations. Including only a few membrane currents they were able to successfully reconstruct the depolarization and repolarization of cellular membrane. Since that time, the models have underwent extensive modifications and reached a high degree of physiological detail. This short review is aimed to outline the history of their development and show the importance of computer modelling for the research in cardiac cell electrophysiology. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The paper investigates ways to model the response of vibro-isolation mounts that utilise viscoelastic materials. Simple models based on linear and nonlinear static stiffness are developed. Dynamic response is approximated through appropriate scaling of the viscoelastic Young's modululs and use of the measured material loss factor. The approach is validated using cylindrical mounts made of polyurethane. The response of a 68 kg mass supported by two mounts and subjected to two different high-amplitude shock loads is predicted. Measured and predicted behaviour correlate closely for the nonlinear model while the linear model gives a reasonable representation. It is noted that the sensitivity of such mounts to temperature is high: the change in response associated with a temperature excursion of 10 °C is significantly greater than the inaccuracy involved with using the linear model. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This work presents a numerical solution for the process of mixing gaseous fuels with air in the combustion chamber of an engine. The combustion parameters are influenced to a considerable degree by the characteristics of the mixture before its ignition. These characteristics can be influenced by the process of formation of the fuel and air mixture. Under certain simplified circumstances this process can be reproduced by means of commercially available software, and the results generated can be used
for the optimisation of the engine performance. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Příspěvek Ondřeje Maňoura je ohlédnutím za mezinárodní konferencí k výročí 100 let od založení ČSR, která se uskutečnila v Praze ve dnech 30. až 31. května 2018., Ondřej Maňour., Rubrika: Konference, and Cizojazyčné resumé není.
Concentration and particle size distribution has been experimentally measured in a 2D rectangular duct under near iso-kinetic conditions for multi-sized particulate slurry. Measurements have been made at different flow velocities for various efflux concentrations in the range of 10 to 50 % by weight. It is observed that the concentration profile is highly skewed towards the bottom of the duct, which reduces with increase in efflux concentration and velocity. Similar phenomenon is observed in the distribution of individual particle size fractions with the effect being more pronounced for the coarser particles. and Rozdělení koncentrace a velikosti částic bylo měřeno ve 2D pravoúhlém kanále při proudění disperze různě velkých částic za téměř iso-kinetických podmínek. Experimenty byly provedeny při různých rychlostech s dopravními koncentracemi v rozsahu 10 až 50 hmotnostních procent. Bylo zjištěno, že koncentrační profil je výrazně zešikmený ke dnu kanálu, což se však zmenšuje s růstem koncentrace a rychlosti. Podobný jev byl pozorován u distribuce částic jednotlivých velikostních frakcí. Jev se projevuje tím výrazněji, čím větší jsou částice.
31P MR spectroscopy was used to measure the signal intensity ratios of high-energy metabolites for the calculation of free cytosolic magnesium concentration [fMg2+] and pH in the calf muscles of patients with primary juvenile hypertension and of healthy controls. Surface coil and spectroscopic imaging techniques were used. In patients with hypertension, the concentrations of [fMg2+] was 788±33 mmol/l and intracellular pH was 7.05±0.02; these values were not significantly different from the results obtained in healthy controls ([fMg2+], 776±21 mmol/l and pH, 7.06±0.01). Biochemical assays of magnesium in the serum (S-Mg) and in urine (DU-Mg) confirmed this finding. Significant differences in the relative signal intensities of high-energy phosphates between patients with primary juvenile hypertension and healthy controls were observed: a) signal intensity ratios of PCr/Pi, PCr/PbATP, PDE/PbATP were increased, and b) Pi/PDe, Pi/PATP were decreased. The results were the same irrespective of whether the surface coil method or 31P spectroscopic imaging were employed., M. Hájek, D. Palyzová, M. Kořínek, D. Kurková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In his book (2021) Trueman attempts to provide a solution to the problem of the concept horse, which according to Frege’s published writings is an object, not a concept. In the course of doing so Trueman rejects Wright’s response (1998) according to which some objects are also concepts, for example, the concept horse, so the categories are not exclusive. Trueman’s argument for exclusivity (Chapter 4) is the heart of the book, and as he says, it is his response to holders of differing views, like Wright. I think that there is a gap in Trueman’s argument which needs to be filled if Wright is to be considered refuted.
Conclusions of theoretical reasoning are assertions—or at least speech acts belonging to the class of assertives, such as hypotheses, predictions or estimates. What, however, are the conclusions of practical reasoning? Employing the concepts of speech act theory, in this paper I investigate which speech acts we perform when we’re done with an instance of a practical argument and present its result in a linguistic form. To this end, I first offer a detailed scheme of practical argument suitable for an external pragmatic account (rather than an internal cognitive account). Resorting to actual examples, I then identify a class of action-inducing speech acts as characteristic conclusions of practical argument. I argue that these speech acts—promises, orders, pieces of advice, proposals, and others—differ chiefly depending on the agent of the action induced (me, us, you, them) and their illocutionary strength.