The article deals with commemorations of the death of Tomáš G. Masaryk, the first president of Czechoslovakia. The funeral, its organization, and the location of Masaryk's grave reflected a new - predominantly nationalist-military-legionnaire - concept of the traditions of the Czechoslovak state. In the politically turbulent Europe of the late 1930s, it provided an opportunity to solidify the Czechoslovak national identity and to represent multinational state as unified. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The article describes a new methodology of using genetic algorithms to assemble a natural time series of discharge recession, from which a master recession curve can be interpreted both for streams and for springs. Presented approach can avoid obstacles such as limited time-series datasets, incomplete recessions or too many recessionary segments in many recession series, different time intervals of observations (daily or weekly frequencies). Short time–series intervals, imprecise or mistaken measurements and different types of datasets (averaged or directly measured data) are taken into account as well. Even rough measurements of discharges with inaccurate sensing range can be analysed, if sufficiently long observation is available. Complicated hydrograph shapes in the case of e.g. karstic springs (often caused by combination of laminar and turbulent discharge sub-regimes due to karst network settings) can be processed as well. Subsequent construction of master recession curve is much easier an offers better conditions for its interpretation. Presented algorithm was already implemented to a programme solution, completed on the user form. and Článok opisuje novú metodiku využitia genetických algoritmov pre kompozíciu úplných a prirodzených časových radov poklesu prietokov na povrchových tokoch alebo výdatností prameňov v čase bez dopĺňania hydrologických systémov/infiltračných oblastí, ktoré možno následne interpretovať výtokovou čiarou. Prezentovaná metodika umožňuje prekonanie častých problémov, akými sú krátke alebo nekompletné časové rady, neúplne zaznamenané výtokové procesy alebo naopak príliš mnoho segmentov v množstve čiastkových poklesových radov, rozdielne (denné alebo týždenné) intervaly pozorovaní, nepresné alebo chybné merania, alebo rozdielne typy údajov (priemerné alebo priamo merané hodnoty). Ak sú k dispozícii pozorovania z dostatočne dlhého časového intervalu, metóda umožňuje aj spracovanie pozorovaní s vysokou mierou nepresnosti odčítania hodnôt prietokov alebo výdatností. Komplikované tvary hydrogramov, aké sú časté najmä v prípadoch krasových prameňov (často spôsobované kombináciou účinku laminárnych a turbulentných subrežimov v dôsledku zložitej štruktúry krasových obehových ciest) taktiež nepredstavujú problém pri automatizovanom skladaní výtokových časových radov. Následné zostavenie výtokových čiar je potom oveľa jednoduchšie a poskytuje lepšie podmienky pri ich interpretácii. Prezentovaný algoritmus bol už realizovaný v rámci programového riešenia, zostaveného do užívateľskej podoby, takže opísanú metódu možno aplikovať aj bez znalostí programovania.
Trichinellosis is an important zoonosis that is difficult to diagnose and that can lead to disability, death and economic losses for the meat processing industry. The outbreaks are related to the consumption of insufficiently cooked pork containing larvae of Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1833). Here, we describe epidemiological features of the disease in a region where incidence rates are typically elevated (Brasov County, Romania). Our descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study spanned a period of 25 years (1983-2007) in a group of 3 345 consumers of infected meat, of whom 2 179 became infected. Both raw pork and processed pork products were consumed, typically during winter and spring holidays. Pigs bred and slaughtered by households were not always tested prior to consumption. The imposition of greater hygiene and testing has decreased the burden of disease in recent years, but the tradition of raising swine for familial consumption without prior testing continues to threaten health, even among groups, not typically suspected of facing elevated zoonotic risk such as children and residents of urban areas. Most outbreaks took place at family celebrations during which pork raised locally was consumed. Higher rates of clinical disease in women may reflect their greater participation in such events, but may alternatively reflect greater exposure to raw pork during meal preparation.
This article studies several aspects of problems associated with diseases of big joints. It is an introductory essay to another three articles that focus on solving various biomechanical problems in hip joint. Stress limit states on contact surfaces of the hip joint can be considered as a common denominator of all these problems. General analyses of these states are described in a separate part of this article. Other general analyses concern the complex of problems associated with diseases of big joints. As an illustration (in view of the articles that follow), this article includes a systemic conception on analysis of the applicability of biomechanics in solving therapeutic problems of big joints. As an illustrative example, the hip joint was selected. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
A novel method of contactless measurement of turbine vlade vibration during increasing (decreasing) operational speed is presented. The method is based on evaluation of time differences of blade passages along contactless sensors placed on the stator, and substitutional data correction using a numerical model. The method has been verified both numerically and experimentally. For the experimental research on the bladed model wheel of the Institute of Thermomechanics and subsequent applications under operating conditions, two new types of sensors functioning on magnetoresistive and induction principle have been developed. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article deals with numerical modelling of contaminant transport in a locality near Bzenec. From the 1970s to the 1990s, this locality was subjected to groundwater contamination by chlorohydrocarbons (PCE, TCE, DCE). The locality is known for its drinking water supplies, which serve for over 100 000 people. Since 1992 remediation of the locality has been in progress, with several breaks due to funding problems. Numerical modelling was used as a method for assessing the efficiency of remediation and for predicting the contaminant transport until the end of 2006. In order to model contaminant transport, a 3D groundwater flow model was first created, calibrated and verified in steady state. Then the transport model was built to simulate contaminant transport. The modelling of contaminant transport was solved by using several scenarios where the input values for the dispersion, sorption and decay parameters were verified using measured values of contaminant concentration in the region of interest. and Článek se zabývá numerickým modelováním šíření znečištění v blízkosti Bzence. V průběhu 70. až 90. let minulého století došlo v této lokalitě ke kontaminaci podzemní vody chlorovanými uhlovodíky (PCE, TCE, DCE). Tato lokalita je významným zdrojem pitné vody pro více než 100 000 obyvatel. Od roku 1992 probíhájí v lokalitě sanační práce, které byly z finančních důvodů několikrát přerušeny. Pro ověření účinnosti sanačních prací a pro predikci šíření znečištění do konce roku 2006 byla využita metoda numerického modelování. Aby bylo možné simulovat proces šíření znečištění, byl nejprve sestaven, zkalibrován a verifikován třírozměrný model proudění podzemní vody pro ustálený stav. Potom byl vytvořen transportní model. Transport kontaminantu byl modelován v několika scénářích, lišících se hodnotami parametrů disperze, sorpce a rozpadové konstanty. Hodnoty těchto parametrů byly verifikovány pomocí měřených koncentrací znečišťujících látek v oblasti.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inhibition of one of the endothelial receptor sites in the rat pulmonary artery (muscarinic, histaminergic, purinergic, a 2-adrenergic) affects the NO-mediated relaxation induced by the activation of the other type of receptors. Acetylcholine (ACh)-, histamine (Hist)-, adenosine (Ade)- , and clonidine (Clon)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations were reduced by the administration of specific antagonists of muscarinic, H1-histaminergic, purinergic or a 2-adrenergic receptors, respectively. The inhibition of H1-histaminergic receptors by chlorphenyramine did not prevent ACh-induced relaxation. Similarly, the inhibition of muscarinic receptors by atropine did not prevent the relaxations to histamine, adenosine and clonidine. On the other hand, the relaxations induced by acetylcholine, histamine, adenosine or clonidine were regularly reduced by NO-synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10-4 mol/l). These results suggest that the inhibition of NO-synthase abolished arterial relaxations induced by all agonists. After inhibition of one type of the endothelial receptors, the NO-dependent relaxation could still be evoked by activation of one of the others., S. Kyselá, J. Török., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We exploited leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Wisconsin 38) with introduced chimeric construct consisting of SAG12 promoter fused with ipt gene for cytokinin synthesis and therefore prolonged life-span. As a control we used its wild type. In 12-week-old plants, the first leaves of control plants showed senescence symptoms at the time of sampling. Carotenoid content decreased with increasing leaf age both in control and in transgenic plants. On the other hand, the first leaves of transgenic plants demonstrated better antioxidant capacity represented by carotenoids compared to the leaves of control plants of the same age. They stayed still green at this age. and D. Procházková, D. Haisel, N. Wilhelmová.