Study of bacterial transport and retention in soil is important for various environmental applications such as groundwater contamination and bioremediation of soil and water. The main objective of this research was to quantitatively assess bacterial transport and deposition under saturated conditions in calcareous soil. A series of leaching experiments was conducted on two undisturbed soil columns. Breakthrough curves of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Cl were measured. After the leaching experiment, spatial distribution of bacteria retention in the soil columns was determined. The HYDRUS-1D one- and two-site kinetic models were used to predict the transport and deposition of bacteria in soil. The results indicated that the two-site model fits the observed data better than one-site kinetic model. Bacteria interaction with the soil of kinetic site 1 revealed relatively fast attachment and slow detachment, whereas attachment to and detachment of bacteria from kinetic site 2 was fast. Fast attachment and slow detachment of site 1 can be attributed to soil calcium carbonate that has favorable attachment sites for bacteria. The detachment rate was less than 0.02 of the attachment rate, indicating irreversible attachment of bacteria. High reduction rate of bacteria was also attributed to soil calcium carbonate.
Bacteria isolated from the gut of different developmental stages of Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire, 1906 belonged almost all to aerobic or facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods. In females, the highest bacterial counts were observed two days after bloodfeeding; seven days after bloodfeeding the bacterial counts returned to pre-feeding levels. Most isolates were identified phenotypically as Ochrobactrum sp. The distinctiveness and homogeneity of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Ochrobactrum isolates indicated that they belonged to a single strain (designated AK). This strain was acquired by larvae from food and passaged transtadially: it was isolated from the guts of fourth-instar larvae shortly before pupation, from pupae as well from newly emerged females. Most other bacteria found in females were acquired from the sugar solution fed to adults. To determine if the midgut lectin activity may serve as antibacterial agent females were membrane-fed on blood with addition of inhibitory carbohydrates. No significant differences in bacterial infections were found between experimental and control groups and we suppose that the lectin activity has no effect on gram-negative bacteria present in sandfly gut.
In den Jahren 1924-1927 führte Drahomíra Stránská umfangreiches Sammeln von Volsliedern im westlichen Teil des Riesengebirgevorlands durch, in der Umgebung von Nová Paka (Neu Paka), Jilemnice (Starkenbach) und Vrchlabí (Hohenelbe), d. h. in der aus diesem Gesichtspunkt nur wenig erforschten Region. Die Sammlung enthält insgesamt 677 Lieder aus 22 Gemeinden.
Die Methodik der Forschung ist sehr modern: die Sammlung enthält Lebensläufe der Sänger, ihre Fotografien, die Landkarte des Sammelgebiets, Abhandlung über dortige Lebensweise. Drahomíra Stránská war leider musikalisch nicht geschult und deshalb schrieb sie nur die Texte der Lieder auf. Die Singweisen wurden erst nachträglich notiert von hiesigen Lehrern und Studenten; diese Tatsache verursachte das eher schwankende Niveau der Aufzeichnungen.
The study deals with the German-language (Sudeten German) ethnography in the Czech lands, exemplifying it with an analysis and contextualization of a selected hand-written source concerning annual customs in Moravian Wallachia (Walter Repper: Das Kirchenjahr und seine Feste bei den mährischen Walachen). In his
text, the author points out the parallelism in the development of Czech-language and German-language ethnographic research in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This research showed only rare
overlaps and contacts between ethnically defined societies. However, the 1930s saw an increasing interest of German researchers in the culture of Slavic inhabitants of the Czech lands.
This trend was based on the concept of “tribal¨ethnography” (stammheitliche Volkskunde) and it was consummated by the establishment of an independent department at German University in Prague, which focused on tribal history and ethnography of
Moravia (Lehrstuhl für Volkskunde und Stammesgeschichte Mährens). It is in the context of this Sudeten German ethnography´s orientation that Walter Repper´s manuscript about customs and
habits in Moravian Wallachia is analysed. The manuscript is dated
to 1939. The author of it studied at German University in Prague at
the turn of the1940s, and he wrote the work most probably as part of a students practical training. The content of the manuscript is
compared with earlier published works about customary culture of
Wallachia, and subsequently particular sources of inspiration are
identified. The author of the study tries to highlight to which degree
the focus of Repper´s work corresponds to the application of the “tribal ethnography” concept.
We report on the first field season at the Gravettian site Hošťálkovice II. Hošťálkovice II is an important site in the region of Ostrava situated at a strategic position above the confluence of Odra and Opava Rivers. Previous surface prospections and a small test pit excavated in 1995 found evidence for a Gravettian industry, as well as younger (Neolithic?) occupation. Two archaeological layers were detected in 1995 and the documented profile was 1.3–1.5 m thick. An excavation conducted in 2019 approx. 30 m away from the 1995 test pit showed significant differences in stratigraphy. The maximum thickness of the sediments does not exceed 30 cm. Both Palaeolithic (patinated) and post-Paleolithic (non-patinated) artefacts were situated throughout the profile. In this contribution, we present all previous knowledge about the site, discuss the stratigraphy and the possibility of several occupation events at the site during the Palaeolithic/post-Palaeolithic period.