The notion and theory of statistical decision functions are re-considered and modified to the case when the uncertainties in question are quantified and processed using lattice-valued possibilistic measures, so emphasizing rather the qualitative than the quantitative properties of the resulting possibilistic decision functions. Possibilistic variants of both the minimax (the worst-case) and the Bayesian optimization principles are introduced and analyzed.
V olomoucké vědecké knihovně je uchováván konvolut čtyř prvotisků, z nichž jeden obsahuje rukopisnou stránku s textem Declaratio brevis Corone immaculate Virginis. Jde o text, který obsahem zapadá do obecných trendů zbožnosti 15. století ve střední Evropě. Pozdní středověk se vyznačoval zvýšenou spiritualitou a důrazem na tradiční
objekty lidové zbožnosti – především Pannu Marii a život Krista. Tyto tendence nemalou měrou podpořily i žebravé řády. Byli to dominikáni i minorité (a později především františkáni-observanti), díky jejichž vlivu se rozšířila mariánská zbožnost, a především její vyjádření
v podobě růžence. Nejrozšířenější byl růženec dominikánský, který obsahoval sto padesát Zdrávas Maria, ale rozšířily se i jiné verze. Mezi františkány v 15. století byla populární především verze, kterou prosazovali především sv. Bernardin Sienský a sv. Jan Kapistrán, a to verze odvolávající se počtem andělských pozdravení na dobu života Panny Marie na zemi: tento růženec obsahoval šedesát tři
(nebo 70, 72, 73) Zdrávas Maria. Františkáni také přinášeli nejnovější evropské trendy do českých zemí po ukončení husitské revoluce; ovšem především na Moravu a do Slezska, kteréžto země byly méně utrakvistické než Čechy. Morava, Slezsko a Lužice se vymanily z mezinárodní izolace mnohem dříve než Čechy. K postupu
evropských vlivů došlo nejen díky katolickým městům, ale také v důsledku záboru Matyáše Korvína a spojení těchto zemí s jeho uherským královstvím. Korvín navštívil v roce 1468 Olomouc a při té příležitosti byl vysvěcen kostel Neposkvrněného Početí Panny Marie u františkánského konventu. Nástěnná malba z roku 1500 v tomto kostele zobrazuje Korunování Panny Marie spolu se dvěma řadami
vyobrazení, jejichž tematikou je sedm radostí Panny Marie a sedm vylití Krve Kristovy. Podobný obraz se zachoval ve františkánském kostele ve Vratislavi, který ovšem dodává dalších pět řad s dalšími vyobrazeními. Přesto jsou tyto obrazy typologicky podobné a jejich
rozšíření připomíná právě obecné trendy zbožnosti na konci středověku, i když můžeme nalézt zcela konkrétní styčné body mezi františkány v Olomouci a ve Vratislavi (biskup a františkán Jan Filipec). Text, vydaný v příloze, popisuje obraz, jenž téměř do detailu odpovídá olomouckému zobrazení (jen na obrazu je sedmdesát
tři korálků, kdežto v textu je zaznamenáno třiašedesát let Panny Marie). Tento text vysvětluje, jak se má obraz vnímat a vykládat z hlediska lidové zbožnosti. Dokládá, že takové obrazy byly zřejmě ještě více rozšířeny, a dokonce využívány, jak je vidět i z přiloženého seznamu odpustků poskytovaných věřícím modlícím se modlitbu
„koruny Panny Marie“. and A set of four incunabula is deposited in the Research Library of Olomouc. One of them contains a handwritten page with the text Declaratio brevis Corone immaculate Virginis. In terms of its content, this text conforms to general religious trends in the 15th century in Central Europe. The late Middle Ages were characterised by a heightened spirituality and an emphasis on traditional objects of popular piety—first and foremost the Virgin Mary and the life of Christ. To a considerable degree, these trends were also supported by the mendicant orders. Marian piety and its expression in the rosary were spread through the influence of the Dominicans and the Minorites (and later the Franciscan-Observants). The Dominican rosary, which included 150 ‘Hail Marys’, was the most widespread, but other versions were also popular. Among the Franciscans of the 15th century, the most popular version was the one that was allegedly promoted by St Bernardino of Siena and St Giovanni of
Capistrano. In this version, the number of angelic salutations referred to the lifespan of the Virgin Mary on earth: this rosary included 63 (or 70, 72, 73) ‘Hail Marys’. After the end of the Hussite revolution, the Franciscans also introduced the latest European trends to the Czech
lands, in particular Moravia and Silesia. In these lands, the Utraquist influence was less pronounced than in Bohemia. Moravia, Silesia and Lusatia extricated themselves from international isolation much sooner than did Bohemia. European influences increased on account of the Catholic cities, as well as the conquest of Matthias Corvinus and the joining of these lands to his Hungarian Kingdom. In 1468, Corvinus visited Olomouc and on that occasion the Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary at the Franciscan monastery was consecrated. The wall painting from 1500 in this
church depicts the Coronation of the Virgin Mary, along with two rows of depictions on the theme of the seven joys of the Virgin Mary and the seven effusions of the blood of Christ. A similar painting has been preserved in the Franciscan church in Wrocław, which includes a further five rows with other depictions. Nonetheless, these paintings are typologically similar. The fact that the paintings were widespread recalls the general trends of piety at the end of the Middle Ages, although one can find specific points in common between the Franciscans in Olomouc and in Wrocław (the Bishop and Franciscan
Jan Filipec). The text, which is published as an addendum, describes a painting, which corresponds in detail to the depiction in Olomouc (except that in the painting there are 73 beads, whereas in the text there is mention of the 63 years of the Virgin Mary). This text explains how the painting should be perceived and interpreted from the perspective of popular piety. It demonstrates that such paintings were clearly even more widespread and in use, as one can see from the attached list of indulgences offered to the faithful who prayed the prayer of ‘the crown of the Virgin Mary’.
Field studies were conducted to investigate ontogenic changes in leaf photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure of a single cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf subtending the fruit. A 20-d old leaf was the most physiologically active with net photosynthetic rate (PN) of 16.5 μmol m-2 s-1 and nitrogen (N) concentration of 168 mmol m-2. These values declined with leaf age and a close relationship existed between them. Concurrent with declines in PN, ultrastructural alterations occurred in the chloroplast: the 20-d old leaf had increased grana number and thylakoids per granum and a few plastoglobuli. Afterwards, the grana number and thylakoids per granum declined with leaf age indicating disintegrated grana and stroma lamellae. Concomitant with disintegrated membrane system was the presence of numerous large plastoglobuli. The PN was closely related to grana number and thylakoids per granum suggesting that the decline in PN with leaf age was associated with ultrastructural changes in the chloroplast. and Bhaskar Rao Bondada, D. M. Oosterhuis.
In canopy shade leaves of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moscato giallo) grown in the field the contents of chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), and soluble protein per fresh mass were lower than in sun leaves. RuBPC activity, in vivo nitrate reductase activity (indicator of nitrate utilisation), apparent electron transport rate, and photochemical fluorescence quenching were also significantly reduced in canopy shade leaves. When various photosynthetic activities were followed in isolated thylakoids, canopy shade leaves exerted a marked inhibition of whole chain and photosystem (PS) 2 activity. Smaller inhibition of PS1 activity was observed even in high-level canopy shade (HS) leaves. The artificial exogenous electron donors, DPC and NH2OH, significantly restored the loss of PS2 activity in HS leaves. Similar results were obtained when Fv/Fm was evaluated by Chl fluorescence measurements. The marked loss of PS2 activity in canopy shade leaves was due to the loss of 47, 43, 33, 28-25, 23, 17, and 10 kDa polypeptides. and M. Bertamini, N. Nedunchezhian.
The complete tripartite graph $K_{n,n,n}$ has $3n^2$ edges. For any collection of positive integers $x_1,x_2,\dots ,x_m$ with $\sum _{i=1}^m x_i=3n^2$ and $x_i\ge 3$ for $1\le i\le m$, we exhibit an edge-disjoint decomposition of $K_{n,n,n}$ into closed trails (circuits) of lengths $x_1,x_2,\dots ,x_m$.
A theoretical model is presented, which attempts to account for the evaluation of complex stimuli in terms of their constituent elements that are relevant to the intent of the assessment. The subjective evaluation of a compound stimulus is postulated to be a function of the number, weight and integrity of critical components, or sub-qualities, and their interactions. The model has application to the evaluation of any stimulus complex including works of “art”. For illustrative purpose, it will here be applied to the analysis of pictorial works of art., J. P. Huston., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We deal with decomposition theorems for modular measures $\mu \colon L\rightarrow G$ defined on a D-lattice with values in a Dedekind complete $\ell $-group. Using the celebrated band decomposition theorem of Riesz in Dedekind complete $\ell $-groups, several decomposition theorems including the Lebesgue decomposition theorem, the Hewitt-Yosida decomposition theorem and the Alexandroff decomposition theorem are derived. Our main result—also based on the band decomposition theorem of Riesz—is the Hammer-Sobczyk decomposition for $\ell $-group-valued modular measures on D-lattices. Recall that D-lattices (or equivalently lattice ordered effect algebras) are a common generalization of orthomodular lattices and of MV-algebras, and therefore of Boolean algebras. If $L$ is an MV-algebra, in particular if $L$ is a Boolean algebra, then the modular measures on $L$ are exactly the finitely additive measures in the usual sense, and thus our results contain results for finitely additive $G$-valued measures defined on Boolean algebras.
Let ${\rm Lct}(G)$ denote the set of all lengths of closed trails that exist in an even graph $G$. A sequence $(t_1,\dots ,t_p)$ of elements of ${\rm Lct}(G)$ adding up to $|E(G)|$ is $G$-realisable provided there is a sequence $(T_1,\dots ,T_p)$ of pairwise edge-disjoint closed trails in $G$ such that $T_i$ is of length $t_i$ for $i=1,\dots ,p$. The graph $G$ is arbitrarily decomposable into closed trails if all possible sequences are $G$-realisable. In the paper it is proved that if $a\ge 1$ is an odd integer and $M_{a,a}$ is a perfect matching in $K_{a,a}$, then the graph $K_{a,a}-M_{a,a}$ is arbitrarily decomposable into closed trails.
We prove that any complete bipartite graph $K_{a,b}$, where $a,b$ are even integers, can be decomposed into closed trails with prescribed even lengths.
R. Frucht and J. Gallian (1988) proved that bipartite prisms of order $2n$ have an $\alpha $-labeling, thus they decompose the complete graph $K_{6nx+1}$ for any positive integer $x$. We use a technique called the $\rho ^{+}$-labeling introduced by S. I. El-Zanati, C. Vanden Eynden, and N. Punnim (2001) to show that also some other families of 3-regular bipartite graphs of order $2n$ called generalized prisms decompose the complete graph $K_{6nx+1}$ for any positive integer $x$.