We compared flavonoids in green, mature, and senescing flag leaves of wheat grown under ambient (AC - 370 μmol mol-1) and elevated (EC - 550 μmol mol-1) concentrations of CO2 in a FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) system. The concentrations of flag leaf flavonoids (e.g., isoorientin and tricin) decreased to one third in mature leaves, and the majoritary isoorientin almost disappeared in senescing leaves. Flavonoid concentrations increased in green well-developed flag leaves under EC (46 % isoorientin and 55 % tricin), whereas the differences disappeared in mature and senescing flag leaves. Predictions of changes in litter phenolic concentrations and their effects on decomposition rates under EC based on changes in green leaves need to be revised. and J. Peñuelas, M. Estiarte, B. A. Kimball.
This article deals with flexible medical endoscopes which with help of optical fibres and CCD elements enable doctors to examine noninvasively human body cavities, to document found facts and to establish the diagnosis. In addition, via these instruments it is also possible to apply surgical tools for therapeutical operation.
Radial basis function networks provides a more flexible model and gives a very good performance over a wide range of applications. However, in the modeling process, care is taken not to choose the number of the basis functions and the positions of the centres, the regularization parameter and the smoothing parameter as appropriate according to the model complexity, they often gives poor generalization performance.
In this paper, we develop a new model building procedure based on radial basis function networks; positioning the centres with k-means clustering for the conditional distribution Pr(x|y) and estimating the weights by maximum penalized likelihood with Lasso penalty. We present an information criterion for choosing the regularization and smoothing parameters in the models. The proposed procedure determines the proper number and location of the centres automatically. The simulation result shows that the proposed method performs very well.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most common
neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Major features of cell
pathology of the disease include the presence of cytoplasmic
inclusions called Lewy bodies, which are composed of aggregated
proteins. The presence of Lewy's body is associated with more
advanced stages of the disease when considering irreversible
changes. Precise identification of the disease stage at a cellular
level presents the critical tool in developing early diagnostics
and/or prevention of PD. The aim of our work is to introduce
sensitive microscopic analysis in living cells, focused on initial
intracellular changes and thus capable to detect earlier stages of
the disease.
In this paper, we revisit the artificial potential based approach in the flocking control for multi-agent systems, where our main concerns are migration and trajectory tracking problems. The static destination or, more generally, the moving reference point is modeled by a virtual leader, whose information is utilized by some agents, called active agents (AA), for the controller design. We study a decentralized flocking controller for the case where the set of AAs is fixed. Some results on the velocity consensus, collision avoidance, group configuration and robustness are proposed. Further, we apply the proposed controller to the observer based flocking control of a team of nonholonomic mobile robots.
In Tunisia especially in the Medjerda watershed the recurring of floods becoming more remarkable. In order to limit this risk, several studies were performed to examine the Medjerda hydrodynamic. The analysis of results showed that the recurrences of floods at the Medjerda watershed is strongly related to the sediment transport phenomena. Initially, a one dimensional modelling was conducted in order to determine the sediment transport rate, and to visualize the river morphological changes during major floods. In continuity of this work, we will consider a two-dimensional model for predicting the amounts of materials transported by the Medjerda River. The goal is to visualize the Medjerda behaviour during extreme events and morphological changes occurred following the passage of the spectacular flood of January 2003. As a conclusion for this study, a comparative analysis was performed between 1D and 2D models results. The objective of these comparisons is to visualize the benefits and limitations of tested models. The analysis of the results demonstrate that 2D model is able to calculate the flow variation, sediment transport rates, and river morphological changes during extreme events for complicated natural domains with high accuracy comparing with 1D Model.
This article introduces a floppy logic – a new method of work with fuzzy sets. This theory is a nice connection between the logic, the probability theory and the fuzzy sets. The floppy logic has several advantages compared to the fuzzy logic: All propositions, which are equivalent in the bivalent logic, are equivalent in the floppy logic too. Logical operations are modeled unambiguously, not by using many alternative t-norms and t-conorms. In floppy logic, we can use the whole apparatus of Kolmogorov’s probability theory. This theory allows to work consistently with systems that are described by fuzzy sets, probability distributions and accurate values simultaneously.
This article provides a simple and practical tutorial on how to use floppy logic. The floppy logic is a method suitable for systems control and description. It preserves the simplicity of the fuzzy logic and the accuracy of the probability theory. The floppy logic allows to work consistently and simultaneously with data in the form of exact numbers, probability distributions and fuzzy sets.
The article deals with the union catalogue of incunabula, which began to be created during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In the 1950s and 1960s, the long-term head of the manuscript department of the present-day National Library Emma Urbánková was trying to complete it, but it was eventually not published in print. It has recently been made available in digital form., Kamil Boldan., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy