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22. Emočná inteligencia sestier a jej úloha v ošetrovateľstve

Creator:
Juhásová, Ingrid, Ilievová, Ľubica, and Baumgartner, František
Format:
589-594, braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, zdravotní sestry--psychologie, emoční inteligence, ošetřovatelská péče--pracovní síly--psychologie, dospělí, lidé středního věku, průzkumy a dotazníky, statistika jako téma, ženské pohlaví, and vztah sestra-pacient
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo identifikovať úroveň emočnej inteligencie (EI) u sestier a zistiť rozdiely v úrovni EI vzhľadom na vek, dĺžku praxe a vzdelanie sestier. Metodika: Výskumný súbor tvorili sestry (n = 280) poskytujúce starostlivosť pacientom štyroch nemocníc Trnavského kraja. Priemerný vek sestier bol 39,64 (SD = 9,44), dĺžka ich profesijnej praxe bola 18,7 (SD = 10,64). Na meranie úrovne EI boli použité dotazníky, ktoré reprezentujú súčasné prístupy chápania EI. Dotazník SITEMO (Situational Test of Emotional Understanding), zisťuje úroveň EI ako schopnosti, výsledkom je celkové skóre EI, ktoré je dané súčtom správnych odpovedí. Dotazník SEIS (Schutte EI Scale) zisťuje úroveň EI sestier ako črty. Sestry vyjadrovali mieru súhlasu resp. nesúhlasu prostredníctvom 5bodovej Likertovej škály. Pri spracovaní dát boli využité metódy deskriptívnej štatistiky a induktívnej štatistiky. Údaje boli spracované v štatistickom softvéri SPSS 15.0. Výsledky: Zistili sme štatisticky významný rozdiel (p < 0,05) v úrovni EI sestier vzhľadom k ich veku. Pri ostatných sociodemografických znakoch (dĺžka profesijnej praxe, vzdelanie) nebol zaznamenaný štatisticky významný rozdiel (p > 0,05). Sestry s Mgr. stupňom vzdelania dosiahli najlepší výsledok v priemernom poradí mier EI v oboch metodikách. Záver: Zistené výsledky umožňujú upriamiť pozornosť na rozvoj EI u sestier prostredníctvom možností vzdelávacích inštitúcií. Môžeme podporovať zmeny, ktoré budú prispievať ku zvýšenej kvalite poskytovanej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti. Využívanie EI je nutnou a zároveň modernou požiadavkou ošetrovateľstva., Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the level of emotional intelligence (EI) of nurses and to identify differences in the level of EI in relation to their age, length of work experience and education. Methods: The sample consisted of nurses (n = 280) providing care to patients in four hospitals in the Trnava Region. The mean age of the nurses was 39.64 years (SD = 9.44) and the length of their work experience was 18.7 years (SD = 10.64). The level of EI was measured using questionnaires representing current approaches to understanding of EI. Emotional intelligence as an ability was determined by the Situational Test of Emotional Understanding (SIT-EMO) questionnaire, yielding the overall emotional intelligence score given by the sum of the correct answers. EI as a feature, on the other hand, was assessed by the Schutte EI Scale (SEIS) in which the nurses expressed the extent to which they agree or disagree with each statement on a five-point Likert scale. To analyze the data, methods of descriptive statistics and inductive statistics were used. The data were processed using the SPSS 15.0 statistical software. Results: A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the level of nurses’ EI level and their age. In terms of other social demographic data (length of work experience, education), a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was not found, although the nurses with a master’s degree ranked highest as for their mean level of EI, using both methods. Conclusion: The results enable to focus attention on the development of nurses’ EI through educational institutions. Changes may be encouraged that will contribute to an increase in the quality of nursing care provided. The use of EI is a necessary as well as modern requirement in nursing., Ingrid Juhásová, Ľubica Ilievová, František Baumgartner, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

23. Emočná inteligencia u študentov ošetrovateľstva a jej úloha v interakcii s geriatrickým pacientom

Creator:
Juhásová, Ingrid, Ilievová, Ľubica, Baumgartner, František, and Rojková, Zuzana
Format:
braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, emoční inteligence, studenti ošetřovatelství--psychologie--statistika a číselné údaje, vztah sestra-pacient, staří, geriatrické ošetřovatelství--pracovní síly--statistika a číselné údaje, statistika jako téma, průzkumy a dotazníky, mužské pohlaví, ženské pohlaví, and mladý dospělý
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
ABSTRAKT Cieľ: Zámerom štúdie bolo identifikovať štatisticky významné rozdiely v úrovni emočnej inteligencii (EI) u študentov ošetrovateľstva vzhľadom k demografi ckým údajom (vek, dĺžka štúdia) a zároveň zistiť či úroveň EI študentov ošetrovateľstva ovplyvňuje ich záujem o problematiku geriatrického ošetrovateľstva. Metódy: Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 86 univerzitných študentov denného bakalárskeho štúdia odboru ošetrovateľstvo. Na meranie úrovne EI boli využité dotazníky reprezentujúce rôzne chápania EI. Prostredníctvom SIT-EMO (Situational Test of Emotional Understanding) bola zisťovaná EI ako schopnosť. EI ako črta bola zisťovaná dotazníkom SEIS(Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale). Dotazníkom vlastnej konštrukcie ESE-GP (Emotional self-effi cacygeriatric patient) bola zisťovaná úroveň EI študentov v procese starostlivosti o geriatrických pacientov. Výsledky: Nezistili sme štatisticky významné rozdiely v úrovni EI študentov z hľadiska demografi ckých údajov (vek a ročník štúdia). Medzi úrovňou EI (SEIS)a perspektívnym záujmom študentov venovať sa geriatrickému ošetrovateľstvu bola zistená štatisticky významná súvislosť (p < 0,05). Závery: Zistené výsledky môžu uplatniť najmä inštitúcie poskytujúce ošetrovateľské vzdelávanie, ktorým odporúčame zamerať pozornosť na rozvoj EI v procese vzdelávania študentov ošetrovateľstva., Aim: The aim of the study was to identify statistically significant differences in levels of emotional intelligence (EI) of nursing students in relation with demographic data (age and year of study) and also determine whether the EI level of nursing students affects their interest in the issue of geriatric nursing. Methods: The sample consisted of 86 full-time undergraduate university students of nursing. To measure the level of EI, questionnaires representing diff erent understanding of EI were used. EI as an ability was determined by the SIT-EMO (Situational Test of Emotional Understanding). EI as a trait was evaluated by the questionnaire SEIS (Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale). The questionnaire of own construction ESE-GP (Emotional self-effi cacygeriatric patient) assessed the level of EI of students in the process of caring for geriatric patients. Results: There were no statistically signifi cant diff erences in the students’ level of EI in terms of demographic data (age and year of study). A statistically signifi cant association (p < 0.05) was found between the students’ level of EI (SEIS) and their promising interest to pursue geriatric nursing. Conclusion: The results can be applied in particular institutions providing nursing education, which can focus attention on the development of EI in the process of education of nursing students., Ingrid Juhásová, Ľubica Ilievová, František Baumgartner, Zuzana Rojková, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

24. Etické a právní aspekty výzkumu kmenových buněk - recenze

Creator:
Lehký, Ondřej
Format:
braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, review, recenze, and TEXT
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The publication Ethical and Legal aspects of Stem Cell Research presents collection of essays, which took their part on the conference of the same name on 18 th of May 2013 in Prague. Colletion includes six articles from different authors. All of them are trying to reflect central theme of the collection, each of them from different positions and aspects of the problem. Jozef Fulka Jr. deals with cloning, Marek Vácha with basic biological facts about stem cells. Adam Doležal reflects ethical and legal issue s on so called “surplus embryos”. Josef Kuře considers the utility of research from the social aspect. David Černý advocates the philosophical individuality of human embryo and Tomáš Doležal deals with the legal regulations of research., Ondřej Lehký, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25. Euthanasie a etika

Creator:
Černý, David
Format:
braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, statistics, historické články, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, lékařská etika, eutanazie--dějiny--etika, eutanazie pasivní--etika, eutanazie aktivní--etika, dějiny lékařství, filosofie, and eutanazie aktivní dobrovolná
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Tento příspěvek je druhým příspěvkem v sérii článků zaměřených na vývoj etického pojetí eutanazie. Problém eutanazie řeší na pozadí slavné Rachelsovy publikace The End of Life. Rachels je autor zastávající novodobou koncepci utilitaristické morálky. Ve své publikaci The End of Life velmi podrobně probírá všechny důležité momenty filosofické a etické diskuse o eutanazii a vytyčuje tak kontury území, na němž se jak zastánci jeho závěrů, tak i jejich odpůrci, musí pohybovat. Hovoří o posvátnosti lidského života, rozebírá různé formy eutanazie, kriticky hodnotí některé důležité distinkce, široce a někdy nekriticky užívané v lékařské etice: rozdíl mezi usmrcením (killing) a ponecháním zemřít (letting die), mezi řádnými a mimořádnými léčebnými prostředky, mezi aktivní a pasivní eutanazií. Důležitým prvkem Rachelsovy reflexe je i diskuse o důležitosti úmyslu (intence) v etickém vyhodnocování lidských skutků., This contribution is the second of a series of articles devoted to the ethical evaluation of euthanasia. It discusses the problems of euthanasia on the background of Rachel´s famous book The End of Life. Rachels as an author is holding a modern concept of utilitarian morality. In his publication The End of Life he discusses in detail all the important moments of philosophical and ethical debate about euthanasia. In this way he also outlines the contours of the territory for his proponents as well as their opponents for recent discussion on euthanasia and end of life decisions. He talks about the problems of conception of the sanctity of human life, discusses the various forms of euthanasia, critically evaluates some important distinctions between terminology in medical ethics: the difference between killing (killing) and allowing to die (letting die), between ordinary and extraordinary means of treatment, the active and passive euthanasia. One of the most important element of Rachels´ reflection is also the importance of intention in the ethical evaluation of human acts., David Černý, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

26. Evaluation of the efficiency and tolerability of mono therapy with oral etoposide in elderly patients (70+ years of age) with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status

Creator:
Andrić, Zoran, Kovčin, Vladimir, Crevar, Slobodanka, Murtezani, Zafir, and Kostić, Sanja
Format:
braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, mužské pohlaví, staří, staří nad 80 let, ženské pohlaví, retrospektivní studie, výsledek terapie, etoposid--aplikace a dávkování--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, inhibitory topoizomerázy II--aplikace a dávkování--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, antitumorózní látky fytogenní--aplikace a dávkování--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, aplikace orální, nemalobuněčný plicní karcinom--farmakoterapie, adenokarcinom--farmakoterapie, dlaždicobuněčný karcinom--farmakoterapie, nádory plic--farmakoterapie, progrese nemoci, staging nádorů, analýza přežití, Kaplanův-Meierův odhad, and statistika jako téma
Language:
English
Description:
Motivation Until recently it was considered that 65 years is cutoff for defining patients as elderly, but newer reports indicate that this age limit shift to 70 years of age. Elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer, associated comorbidities and poor performance status represent a specific population and a challenge for use of chemotherapy. Primary aim was to evaluate the impact of mono therapy with oral etoposide on overall survival in elderly patients (≥ 70 years of age) with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status (PS) ≥ 2 (clinical stage IIIb and IV ), and as well to evaluate tolerability of this therapy. Secondary aim was to evaluate response rate. Methods Retrospectively, medical records of 79 female and male patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status treated with oral etoposide (2x25 mg 20 days/10 days pause) in period from 2007 till 2010 were checked for relevant data. Data regarding demographics, performance status, overall survival, response rates and drug toxicity were collected. For statistical analysis we used Pearson chi-square test, T-test, Kaplan-Meier product limited method and Cox regression. Results Median overall survival (OS) was 31 weeks, in patients with PS 2 overall survival was 34 weeks, and in group with PS 3 was only 24 weeks. Partial response was registered in 20.2% of patients, stable disease in 41.85 % and disease progression in 38% of patients. Treatment was well tolerated, febrile neutropenia and toxic deaths were not registered. Toxic effects didn't have statistically significant influence on OS. Conclusion Oral etoposide used as mono therapy has been shown as moderate effective and very safe in treating elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer and poor performance status so it represents a good therapy option for treating this specific population., Zoran Andrić, Vladimir Kovčin, Slobodanka Crevar, Zafir Murtezani, Sanja Kostić, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

27. Evropská úmluva o lidských právech - recenze

Creator:
Kotula, Jan
Format:
braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, review, recenze, and TEXT
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The aim of this review is to summarize main aspects of the book Evropská úmluva o lidských právech written by Kmec, J., Kosař, D., Kratochvíl, J., Bobek, M., published in 2012 in Prague. As the title suggests the book itself is focused on Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedom and relating questions, e.g. application to the European court of human rights, case proceeding and case - law. This review briefly informs about the authors, however it ́s mainly concentrated on th e publication ́s content. Paper itself describes component parts in the same order as it is written in the book and Jan Kotula
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

28. Fetal parotid gland structural remodeling in case of intrauterine growth retardation

Creator:
Morozov, Sergiy and Reshetnikova, Olga
Format:
braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
Subject:
parotis--abnormality--anatomie a histologie--patologie--růst a vývoj, růstová retardace plodu, indukovaný potrat, plod, pitva, lidé, and stereometric study
Language:
English
Description:
The important biological role of saliva in maintaining of the homeostasis of the oral cavity environment, preventing infection and tooth decay is widely accepted. Salivary glands insufficiency may violate the balance between health and disease. Clinical data indicated that the destruction, agenesis and aplasia of salivary gland commonly followed with hypo salivation, low salivary flow, which resulted in severe caries and periodontal disease. Salivary gland dysfunction also frequently found in preterm and low birth weight newborns. But the information about structural background of abnormal salivation in early childhood is still limited. A presence of any correlation between salivary glands’ structural development and intrauterine restrictions of fetal growth (IUGR) is unclear. The aim of present study was to determine morphological and morphometric peculiarities of human parotid gland in case of IUGR at late gestation. Material and methods: Parotid glands of twenty human fetuses 2022 weeks of gestation with diagnosed IUGR from late abortions material were compared with ten fetal glands in cases of induced abortions due to psychological reasons (control group). Tissue samples were immersionfixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, embedded in paraffin wax. Histological slides were stained routinely with hematoxylin & eosin, with Van Gieson's Stain. Microscopical examination was performed on magnification x 40 and x 100. Stereometric study by point count method at magnification x 40 allowed finding out volume fractions (VF) of gland’s parenchyma and stroma. VF of lobule’s components (gland’s wall, gland’s lumen, duct’s wall, duct’s lumen, vessels, intralobular connective tissue) were registered at magnification x100. Morphometry of the secretory portion of the parotid gland was conducted on the Zeiss microscope with the help of the AxioVision Rel.4.8 program. The mature (differentiated) end pieces were measured, including their area (in mkm2), width, height, perimeter (all in mkm). Similar measurements were done in the foci of immature secretory ends of a gland. Additionally the mean height of the epithelial cells layer within the mature secretory end pieces was measured. The differences were analyzed by methods of mathematical statistics using the software Microsoft Excel; data was compared with control measurements by Student’s ttest. Results: The results of present research have shown the delayed differentiation of fetal parotid gland’s parenchymal components in case of IUGR. The parenchymal VF did not reach control values. Furthermore, VF of lobule’s components was also decreased. Ducts lumens appeared to be significantly narrower than at physiological gestation. Interlobular and intralobular connective tissue stroma, in contrast to the controls, occupied vast areas, and their volume fraction was increased. Deficit of the parenchymal components of the gland was enhanced by slower maturation of glands. In cases with IUGR, differentiated glands occupied smaller area, with reduced width, height and perimeter. Epithelium lining the differentiated glands is characterized by significantly lower height compared to the control group. Delayed differentiation resulted in higher proportion of immature glands. Their area, width, height and perimeter increased. IUGR was also accompanied with a variety of pathological changes. Conclusion: Present evidences suggest that IUGR leads to impaired growth and maturation of the parotid gland. Structural immaturity and lack of differentiated parenchymal elements of the organ may form the basis of its secretory function’s lesion. The finding tends to support the hypothesis that the mechanism behind the increased risk of dental pathology in preterm, low birth weight and retarded children is centred at structural and functional immaturity of salivary gland., Sergiy Morozov, Olga Reshetnikova, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

29. Filosofické a právně-filosofické aspekty kauzality jako východiska pro hledání nových řešení v medicínsko-právních sporech? Část druhá

Creator:
Doležal, Adam
Format:
braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, statistics, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, právní vědy, kauzalita, filosofie, pravděpodobnost, and právní odpovědnost
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Účelem této úvahy je stručně seznámit čtenáře s filosofickými základy pojmu kauzalita a porovnat tyto základy s koncepcí využívanou v deliktním právu. Z tohoto důvodu je nejprve využita deskriptivní metoda spočívající ve stručném shrnutí některých základních filosofických konstrukcí formulovaných v klíčových filosofických dílech. Článek proto poukazuje na historické pozadí vývoje pojmu kauzalita, jenž se v první fázi objevil v antickém Řecku. V druhé části se autor vyrovnává s některými současnými teoriemi, které vytyčily debatu v právní teorii a filosofii. Pojem příčiny a následku, příčinné souvislosti je zde pojímán v právním kontextu jeho využití. Autor odkazuje také na rozličný přístup k faktické a normativní kauzalitě a jejich využití v právní vědě i praxi. Posledním úkolem práce by mělo být vytyčení směrů, kterými by se legislativa při normotvorném procesu a justice při aplikaci práva, měly vydat., The purpose of this essay is to introduce a philosophical foundation into the ideas relating to Causality in Tort Law. This Article uses firstly historical and descriptive method in order to find crucial theories on Causation in famous philosophical works. In brief it deals with historical background to many of the issues and disputes surrounding causation that concern philosophers today. Causation´s role has been recognized since the ancient Greeks. The second part deals with the leading theories that have been the focal points of contemporary debate in the philosophy of law. In this part is central point the notion of “cause” as used in legal context. The distinction between factual and normative causation and its consequences is also mentioned. In the last part author thinks about directions legislation and justice application should proceed., and Adam Doležal
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30. Gravidita a hemostáza

Creator:
Hulíková, Mária
Format:
braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
Subject:
dospělí, ženské pohlaví, lidé, těhotenství, homeostáza--fyziologie, placenta--metabolismus, komplikace těhotenství--etiologie--krev, trombofilie--komplikace, rizikové faktory, trombóza--etiologie--farmakoterapie--komplikace--prevence a kontrola, and heparin nízkomolekulární--farmakologie--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Fyziologická gravidita je sprevádzaná zmenami v lokálnej a systémovej koagulácii a fibrinolýze. Hemostáza zasahuje do procesu implantácie blastocysty a placentácie. Udržiava optimálne prekrvenie placenty, zabezpečuje rýchle a adekvátne zrážanie počas pôrodu. Mnohé koagulačné proteíny sú exprimované na začiatku embryonálneho vývoja a hrajú úlohu mimo koaguláciu v proliferácii a diferenciácii buniek. Mechanizmus regulácie v placente nie je dostatočne chápaný. Poruchy hemostázy sa podieľajú na peripartálnom krvácaní, gestačnom tromboembolizme a považujú sa za rizikový faktor neúspešnej reprodukcie a tehotenských komplikácií., Physiological pregnancy is accompanied by changes in local and systemic coagulation and fibrinolysis. Haemostasis interferes with the implantation of the blastocyst and placentation. Maintain optimal blood flow placenta, ensures prompt and adequate clotting during the labour. Many coagulation proteins are expressed early in embryonic development and play roles outside of coagulation in cells proliferation and differentiation. Mechanism regulating haemostasis within the placenta remain poorly understood. Disorders of haemostasis are involved in peripatum hemorrhage, gestational thromboembolism and are considered a risk factor for unsuccessful reproduction and pregnancy complications., Mária Hulíková, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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